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An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems including rare variants.

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Title: An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems including rare variants.
Authors: Makarova KS; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Shmakov SA; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia., Wolf YI; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Mutz P; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Altae-Tran H; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Beisel CL; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany.; Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany., Brouns SJJ; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands., Charpentier E; Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany., Cheng D; Arbor Biotechnologies, Cambridge, MA, USA., Doudna J; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA., Haft DH; National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA., Horvath P; IFF, Dangé-Saint-Romain, France., Moineau S; Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada., Mojica FJM; Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain., Pausch P; LSC-EMBL Partnership Institute for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania., Pinilla-Redondo R; Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark., Shah SA; Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark., Siksnys V; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania., Terns MP; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA., Tordoff J; Arbor Biotechnologies, Cambridge, MA, USA., Venclovas Č; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania., White MF; Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK., Yakunin AF; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK., Zhang F; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Yang Tan Collective, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA., Garrett RA; Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark., Backofen R; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany., van der Oost J; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands., Barrangou R; Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA., Koonin EV; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
Source: Nature microbiology [Nat Microbiol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 10 (12), pp. 3346-3361. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 06.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101674869 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2058-5276 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20585276 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: An updated evolutionary classification of CRISPR-Cas systems including rare variants.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Makarova+KS%22">Makarova KS</searchLink>; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shmakov+SA%22">Shmakov SA</searchLink>; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wolf+YI%22">Wolf YI</searchLink>; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mutz+P%22">Mutz P</searchLink>; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Altae-Tran+H%22">Altae-Tran H</searchLink>; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Beisel+CL%22">Beisel CL</searchLink>; Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany.; Medical Faculty, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brouns+SJJ%22">Brouns SJJ</searchLink>; Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Department of Bionanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Charpentier+E%22">Charpentier E</searchLink>; Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheng+D%22">Cheng D</searchLink>; Arbor Biotechnologies, Cambridge, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Doudna+J%22">Doudna J</searchLink>; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Haft+DH%22">Haft DH</searchLink>; National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Horvath+P%22">Horvath P</searchLink>; IFF, Dangé-Saint-Romain, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moineau+S%22">Moineau S</searchLink>; Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mojica+FJM%22">Mojica FJM</searchLink>; Departamento de Fisiología, Genética y Microbiología, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pausch+P%22">Pausch P</searchLink>; LSC-EMBL Partnership Institute for Genome Editing Technologies, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pinilla-Redondo+R%22">Pinilla-Redondo R</searchLink>; Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shah+SA%22">Shah SA</searchLink>; Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood (COPSAC), Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Siksnys+V%22">Siksnys V</searchLink>; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Terns+MP%22">Terns MP</searchLink>; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tordoff+J%22">Tordoff J</searchLink>; Arbor Biotechnologies, Cambridge, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Venclovas+Č%22">Venclovas Č</searchLink>; Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22White+MF%22">White MF</searchLink>; Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yakunin+AF%22">Yakunin AF</searchLink>; Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Centre for Environmental Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+F%22">Zhang F</searchLink>; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.; McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Yang Tan Collective, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Garrett+RA%22">Garrett RA</searchLink>; Archaea Centre, Department of Biology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Backofen+R%22">Backofen R</searchLink>; BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+der+Oost+J%22">van der Oost J</searchLink>; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barrangou+R%22">Barrangou R</searchLink>; Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Koonin+EV%22">Koonin EV</searchLink>; Division of Intramural Research, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. koonin@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101674869%22">Nature microbiology</searchLink> [Nat Microbiol] 2025 Dec; Vol. 10 (12), pp. 3346-3361. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2025 Nov 06.
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