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Assessment of the Effectiveness of Allergic Rhinitis Medications Using a Target Trial Emulation Approach Based on Mobile Health Data.

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Title: Assessment of the Effectiveness of Allergic Rhinitis Medications Using a Target Trial Emulation Approach Based on Mobile Health Data.
Authors: Lourenço-Silva N; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Sousa-Pinto B; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Bognanni A; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Clinical Epidemiology and Research Center (CERC), Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy., Martini M; Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy Unit, University Hospital AOU Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy., Ordak M; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Paoletti G; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.; Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy., Gil-Mata S; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Amaral R; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Porto Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Bedbrook A; Aria, Montpellier, France.; MASK-Air, Montpellier, France., Bonadonna P; Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy., Brussino L; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy., Canonica GW; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.; Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy., Coutinho-Almeida J; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Cruz AA; Fundacao ProAR and (Faculdade de Medicina da) Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil., Czarlewski W; Aria, Montpellier, France.; MASK-Air, Montpellier, France.; Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois-Perret, France., Dykewicz M; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA., Giovannini M; Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Gemicioglu B; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.; Institute of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey., Ivancevich JC; Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Klimek L; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany., Kvedariene V; Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania., Larenas-Linnemann DE; Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico., Marques-Cruz M; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Moreira A; EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.; Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Niedoszytko M; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Pereira AM; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Allergy Unit, Instituto and Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal., Papadopoulos NG; Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Pham-Thi N; Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau, Palaiseau, France.; IRBA (Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale Des Armées), Bretigny Sur Orge, France.; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France., Regateiro FS; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; UBIAir - Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal., Toppila-Salmi SK; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and the North Savo Wellbeing Services County, Kuopio, Finland.; Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Samolinski B; Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Sastre J; Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, CIBERES-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain., Taborda-Barata L; RISE-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, and UBIAir-Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.; Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira Local Health Unit, Covilhã, Portugal., Thomander T; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; The Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Koyuncu IV; Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Chest Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey., Valiulis A; Clinic of Asthma, Allergy and Chronic Lung Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania.; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania., Vecillas LL; Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain., Ventura MT; University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.; Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy., Walusiak-Skorupa J; Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland., Xiang YK; Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Pfaar O; Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany., Fonseca JA; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., Zuberbier T; Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany., Schünemann HJ; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Clinical Epidemiology and Research Center (CERC), Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany., di Bona D; Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy., Bousquet J; Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany., Vieira RJ; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Source: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology [Clin Exp Allergy] 2026 Feb; Vol. 56 (2), pp. 176-179. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8906443 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2222 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09547894 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Exp Allergy Subsets: MEDLINE; In Process
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lourenço-Silva+N%22">Lourenço-Silva N</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sousa-Pinto+B%22">Sousa-Pinto B</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bognanni+A%22">Bognanni A</searchLink>; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Clinical Epidemiology and Research Center (CERC), Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Martini+M%22">Martini M</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy Unit, University Hospital AOU Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.; Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ordak+M%22">Ordak M</searchLink>; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Paoletti+G%22">Paoletti G</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.; Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gil-Mata+S%22">Gil-Mata S</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Amaral+R%22">Amaral R</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Porto Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Paediatric Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bedbrook+A%22">Bedbrook A</searchLink>; Aria, Montpellier, France.; MASK-Air, Montpellier, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bonadonna+P%22">Bonadonna P</searchLink>; Allergy Unit and Asthma Center, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brussino+L%22">Brussino L</searchLink>; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Mauriziano Hospital, Torino, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Canonica+GW%22">Canonica GW</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.; Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Coutinho-Almeida+J%22">Coutinho-Almeida J</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cruz+AA%22">Cruz AA</searchLink>; Fundacao ProAR and (Faculdade de Medicina da) Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Czarlewski+W%22">Czarlewski W</searchLink>; Aria, Montpellier, France.; MASK-Air, Montpellier, France.; Medical Consulting Czarlewski, Levallois-Perret, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dykewicz+M%22">Dykewicz M</searchLink>; Section of Allergy and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Giovannini+M%22">Giovannini M</searchLink>; Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.; Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gemicioglu+B%22">Gemicioglu B</searchLink>; Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.; Institute of Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ivancevich+JC%22">Ivancevich JC</searchLink>; Servicio de Alergia e Immunologia, Clinica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, Argentina.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Klimek+L%22">Klimek L</searchLink>; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany.; Center for Rhinology and Allergology, Wiesbaden, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kvedariene+V%22">Kvedariene V</searchLink>; Clinic of Chest Diseases and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Larenas-Linnemann+DE%22">Larenas-Linnemann DE</searchLink>; Center of Excellence in Asthma and Allergy, Médica Sur Clinical Foundation and Hospital, México City, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marques-Cruz+M%22">Marques-Cruz M</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moreira+A%22">Moreira A</searchLink>; EPIUnit-Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal.; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal.; Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Niedoszytko+M%22">Niedoszytko M</searchLink>; Department of Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pereira+AM%22">Pereira AM</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Allergy Unit, Instituto and Hospital CUF, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Papadopoulos+NG%22">Papadopoulos NG</searchLink>; Allergy Department, 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pham-Thi+N%22">Pham-Thi N</searchLink>; Ecole Polytechnique de Palaiseau, Palaiseau, France.; IRBA (Institut de Recherche Bio-Médicale Des Armées), Bretigny Sur Orge, France.; Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Regateiro+FS%22">Regateiro FS</searchLink>; Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.; UBIAir - Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre and CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Toppila-Salmi+SK%22">Toppila-Salmi SK</searchLink>; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Eastern Finland and the North Savo Wellbeing Services County, Kuopio, Finland.; Department of Allergy, Skin and Allergy Hospital, Inflammation Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Samolinski+B%22">Samolinski B</searchLink>; Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards, Allergology and Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sastre+J%22">Sastre J</searchLink>; Allergy Service, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, CIBERES-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Taborda-Barata+L%22">Taborda-Barata L</searchLink>; RISE-Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, and UBIAir-Clinical & Experimental Lung Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.; Department of Immunoallergology, Cova da Beira Local Health Unit, Covilhã, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thomander+T%22">Thomander T</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; The Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Koyuncu+IV%22">Koyuncu IV</searchLink>; Bagcilar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Chest Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Valiulis+A%22">Valiulis A</searchLink>; Clinic of Asthma, Allergy and Chronic Lung Diseases, Vilnius, Lithuania.; Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Faculty of Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vecillas+LL%22">Vecillas LL</searchLink>; Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ventura+MT%22">Ventura MT</searchLink>; University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.; Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council (ISPA-CNR), Bari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Walusiak-Skorupa+J%22">Walusiak-Skorupa J</searchLink>; Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xiang+YK%22">Xiang YK</searchLink>; Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.; Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pfaar+O%22">Pfaar O</searchLink>; Section of Rhinology and Allergy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fonseca+JA%22">Fonseca JA</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zuberbier+T%22">Zuberbier T</searchLink>; Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schünemann+HJ%22">Schünemann HJ</searchLink>; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact & Department of Medicine, Evidence in Allergy Group, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.; Clinical Epidemiology and Research Center (CERC), Humanitas University and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22di+Bona+D%22">di Bona D</searchLink>; Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bousquet+J%22">Bousquet J</searchLink>; Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vieira+RJ%22">Vieira RJ</searchLink>; MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; CINTESIS@RISE - Health Research Network, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 02
              Text: 2026 Feb
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1365-2222
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 56
            – Type: issue
              Value: 2
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
              Type: main
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