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The Economics of Surgical Decision-Making in Geriatric Type II Odontoid Fractures: Reframing the Role of Frailty.

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Title: The Economics of Surgical Decision-Making in Geriatric Type II Odontoid Fractures: Reframing the Role of Frailty.
Authors: Lozano CS; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Karthikeyan V; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Shakil H; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Malhotra AK; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Pedro KM; Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Mathieu F; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Ontario , Canada.; Department of Critical Care, Unity Health, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Badhiwala JH; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Ginsberg HJ; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Witiw CD; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Schroeder GD; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA., Vaccaro AR; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA., Fehlings MG; Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto , Ontario , Canada., Wilson JR; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
Source: Neurosurgery [Neurosurgery] 2026 Aug 01; Vol. 99 (2), pp. 381-390. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 12.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7802914 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1524-4040 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0148396X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurosurgery Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lozano+CS%22">Lozano CS</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karthikeyan+V%22">Karthikeyan V</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shakil+H%22">Shakil H</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Malhotra+AK%22">Malhotra AK</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pedro+KM%22">Pedro KM</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mathieu+F%22">Mathieu F</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, University of Toronto, Ontario , Canada.; Department of Critical Care, Unity Health, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Badhiwala+JH%22">Badhiwala JH</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ginsberg+HJ%22">Ginsberg HJ</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Witiw+CD%22">Witiw CD</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schroeder+GD%22">Schroeder GD</searchLink>; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vaccaro+AR%22">Vaccaro AR</searchLink>; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fehlings+MG%22">Fehlings MG</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wilson+JR%22">Wilson JR</searchLink>; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto , Ontario , Canada.
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