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Performance of Foundation Models vs Physicians in Textual and Multimodal Ophthalmological Questions.

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Title: Performance of Foundation Models vs Physicians in Textual and Multimodal Ophthalmological Questions.
Authors: Rocha H; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom., Chong YJ; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore., Thirunavukarasu AJ; International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom., Wong YL; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom., Wong SW; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom., Chang YH; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan., Azzopardi M; Moorfields Eye Hospital Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom., Tan BKJ; Singapore General Hospital, Singapore., Song A; Moorfields Eye Hospital Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom., Malem A; Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio., Jain N; Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom., Zhou S; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom., Tan TF; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore., Rauz S; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom., Ang M; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore., Mehta JS; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore., Ting DSW; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore., Ting DSJ; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.; Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
Source: JAMA ophthalmology [JAMA Ophthalmol] 2026 Jan 01; Vol. 144 (1), pp. 5-13.
Publication Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101589539 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2168-6173 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21686165 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Ophthalmol Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Performance of Foundation Models vs Physicians in Textual and Multimodal Ophthalmological Questions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rocha+H%22">Rocha H</searchLink>; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chong+YJ%22">Chong YJ</searchLink>; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thirunavukarasu+AJ%22">Thirunavukarasu AJ</searchLink>; International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wong+YL%22">Wong YL</searchLink>; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wong+SW%22">Wong SW</searchLink>; Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chang+YH%22">Chang YH</searchLink>; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Azzopardi+M%22">Azzopardi M</searchLink>; Moorfields Eye Hospital Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tan+BKJ%22">Tan BKJ</searchLink>; Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Song+A%22">Song A</searchLink>; Moorfields Eye Hospital Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.; Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Malem+A%22">Malem A</searchLink>; Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jain+N%22">Jain N</searchLink>; Bedfordshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Luton, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+S%22">Zhou S</searchLink>; Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tan+TF%22">Tan TF</searchLink>; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rauz+S%22">Rauz S</searchLink>; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ang+M%22">Ang M</searchLink>; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mehta+JS%22">Mehta JS</searchLink>; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ting+DSW%22">Ting DSW</searchLink>; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ting+DSJ%22">Ting DSJ</searchLink>; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, School of Infection, Inflammation and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.; Academic Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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