Channelrhodopsin variants for high-rate optogenetic neurostimulation at low light intensities.

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Title: Channelrhodopsin variants for high-rate optogenetic neurostimulation at low light intensities.
Authors: Roos L; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Garrido-Charles A; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Advanced Optogenes Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany., Albrecht N; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Vavakou A; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Alekseev A; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Advanced Optogenes Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Bleyer M; Laboratory Animal Science Unit, Pathology, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077, Goettingen, Germany., Thirumalai A; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Auditory Circuit lab, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Mittring A; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Auditory Circuit lab, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Alvanos T; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Collaborative Research Center SFB 1286 'Quantitative Synaptology', University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Huet AT; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Auditory Circuit lab, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Bamberg E; Max Plank Institute for Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Kusch K; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Auditory Circuit lab, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Functional Auditory Genomics Group, Auditory Neuroscience and Optogenetics laboratory, German Primate Center, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.; Collaborative Research Center SFB 1690 'Disease mechanisms and functional restoration of sensory and motor systems', University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany., Wolf BJ; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany., Moser T; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. tobias.moser@mpinat.mpg.de.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. tobias.moser@mpinat.mpg.de.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. tobias.moser@mpinat.mpg.de.; Collaborative Research Center SFB 1286 'Quantitative Synaptology', University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. tobias.moser@mpinat.mpg.de.; Auditory Neuroscience and Synaptic Nanophysiology Group, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. tobias.moser@mpinat.mpg.de.; Collaborative Research Center SFB 1690 'Disease mechanisms and functional restoration of sensory and motor systems', University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. tobias.moser@mpinat.mpg.de., Mager T; Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. thomas.mager@med.uni-goettingen.de.; Cluster of Excellence 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells' (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. thomas.mager@med.uni-goettingen.de.; Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Optogenetic Therapies, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. thomas.mager@med.uni-goettingen.de.; Advanced Optogenes Group, Institute for Auditory Neuroscience, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. thomas.mager@med.uni-goettingen.de.; Collaborative Research Center SFB 1690 'Disease mechanisms and functional restoration of sensory and motor systems', University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany. thomas.mager@med.uni-goettingen.de.
Source: EMBO molecular medicine [EMBO Mol Med] 2026 Feb; Vol. 18 (2), pp. 462-491. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Dec 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: EMBO Press Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101487380 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1757-4684 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17574676 NLM ISO Abbreviation: EMBO Mol Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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ISSN:1757-4684
DOI:10.1038/s44321-025-00350-z