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Healthcare Workers Have More Frequent and Less Severe Influenza-Like Illness Than Non-healthcare Workers: Findings From the PAIVED Study.

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Title: Healthcare Workers Have More Frequent and Less Severe Influenza-Like Illness Than Non-healthcare Workers: Findings From the PAIVED Study.
Authors: Liberg R; Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA., Schmidt K; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Schofield C; Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA., Ganesan A; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Campbell W; Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Hrncir D; Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Cavazos, Texas, USA.; Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, USA.; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA., Lalani T; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA., Warkentien T; Department of Medicine, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Virginia, USA., Mende K; Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Markelz AE; Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA., Berjohn CM; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA., Housel L; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.; Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA., Modi JR; Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, Annapolis, Maryland, USA., Saperstein A; Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Williams A; Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., McClenathan B; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.; Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA., Spooner C; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA., Seshadri S; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA., Maves RC; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.; Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA., Powers JH 3rd; Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA., O'Connell RJ; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Simons MP; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Pollett SD; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Coles CL; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Colombo RE; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA.; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Burgess T; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA., Richard SA; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Source: Open forum infectious diseases [Open Forum Infect Dis] 2026 Jan 12; Vol. 13 (1), pp. ofaf728. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 12 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101637045 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2328-8957 (Print) Linking ISSN: 23288957 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Open Forum Infect Dis Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
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  Data: Healthcare Workers Have More Frequent and Less Severe Influenza-Like Illness Than Non-healthcare Workers: Findings From the PAIVED Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liberg+R%22">Liberg R</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schmidt+K%22">Schmidt K</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schofield+C%22">Schofield C</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ganesan+A%22">Ganesan A</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Campbell+W%22">Campbell W</searchLink>; Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hrncir+D%22">Hrncir D</searchLink>; Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Cavazos, Texas, USA.; Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas, USA.; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lalani+T%22">Lalani T</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. 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Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Markelz+AE%22">Markelz AE</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Berjohn+CM%22">Berjohn CM</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Housel+L%22">Housel L</searchLink>; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.; Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Modi+JR%22">Modi JR</searchLink>; Navy Medicine Readiness and Training Command, Annapolis, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Saperstein+A%22">Saperstein A</searchLink>; Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Williams+A%22">Williams A</searchLink>; Department of Family Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McClenathan+B%22">McClenathan B</searchLink>; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.; Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, North Carolina, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Spooner+C%22">Spooner C</searchLink>; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Seshadri+S%22">Seshadri S</searchLink>; Immunization Healthcare Division, Defense Health Agency, Falls Church, Virginia, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maves+RC%22">Maves RC</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Department of Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.; Department of Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Powers+JH+3rd%22">Powers JH 3rd</searchLink>; Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22O'Connell+RJ%22">O'Connell RJ</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Simons+MP%22">Simons MP</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pollett+SD%22">Pollett SD</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Coles+CL%22">Coles CL</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.; Henry M. 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