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Clinical and laboratory markers to distinguish VEXAS from Schnitzler's syndrome: data from the AIDA network registries.

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Title: Clinical and laboratory markers to distinguish VEXAS from Schnitzler's syndrome: data from the AIDA network registries.
Authors: Caggiano V; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy., Sbalchiero J; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy., Frassi M; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy., Martín-Nares E; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Hinojosa-Azaola A; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Sikora M; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland., Jahnz-Różyk K; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland., Crisafulli F; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy., Franceschini F; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy., Airò P; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy., Guaracha-Basañez GA; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Torres-Ruiz J; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Sfriso P; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Padua, Italy., Bindoli S; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Padua, Italy., Baggio C; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Padua, Italy., Hernández-Rodríguez J; Clinical Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Caverzaschi VG; Clinical Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Espinosa G; Clinical Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Mayrink Giardini HA; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Alves Cordeiro R; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., González-García A; Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain., Peña Rodríguez M; Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain., Lopalco G; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Iannone F; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy., Viapiana O; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy., Tufan A; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye., Kucuk H; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye., Hissaria P; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia., Beecher M; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia., De Paulis A; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy., Mormile I; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy., Dagna L; Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Milan, Italy., Campochiaro C; Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Milan, Italy., Gidaro A; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., La Cava L; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Bugatti S; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Pavia, Italy., Milanesi A; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Pavia, Italy., Ruiz-Irastorza G; Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Biscay, Spain.; Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain., Piga M; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy., Conti F; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Unit, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Moscato P; UOC of Internal Medicine - Rheumatology Outpatients Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy., Opris-Belinski D; Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania., Vitetta R; Unit of Rheumatology, ASL VC Sant' Andrea Hospital, Vercelli, Italy., Chighizola C; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Recke A; Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.; Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Lübeck, Germany., Tornero-Romero F; Medicina Interna - Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain., Prete M; Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy., Govoni M; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna-Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy., Emmi G; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Clinical Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy.; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia., Kawakami-Campos PA; Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Triggianese P; UOC Medicina Interna - UOSD Geriatria, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy., Gurnari C; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States., Ragab G; Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.; Faculty of Medicine, Newgiza University, 6th of October City, Egypt., Balistreri A; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.; Bioengineering and Biomedical Data Science Lab, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Ziȩtkiewicz M; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.; Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Wiesik-Szewczyk E; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland., Frediani B; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy., Fabiani C; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.; Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Sicuranza A; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.; Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Bocchia M; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.; Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Cantarini L; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy., Vitale A; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
Source: Frontiers in medicine [Front Med (Lausanne)] 2026 Jan 12; Vol. 12, pp. 1659758. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 12 (Print Publication: 2025).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101648047 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2296-858X (Print) Linking ISSN: 2296858X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Med (Lausanne) Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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Items – Name: Title
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  Data: Clinical and laboratory markers to distinguish VEXAS from Schnitzler's syndrome: data from the AIDA network registries.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Caggiano+V%22">Caggiano V</searchLink>; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sbalchiero+J%22">Sbalchiero J</searchLink>; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Frassi+M%22">Frassi M</searchLink>; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Martín-Nares+E%22">Martín-Nares E</searchLink>; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hinojosa-Azaola+A%22">Hinojosa-Azaola A</searchLink>; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sikora+M%22">Sikora M</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jahnz-Różyk+K%22">Jahnz-Różyk K</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Crisafulli+F%22">Crisafulli F</searchLink>; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Franceschini+F%22">Franceschini F</searchLink>; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Airò+P%22">Airò P</searchLink>; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guaracha-Basañez+GA%22">Guaracha-Basañez GA</searchLink>; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Torres-Ruiz+J%22">Torres-Ruiz J</searchLink>; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sfriso+P%22">Sfriso P</searchLink>; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Padua, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bindoli+S%22">Bindoli S</searchLink>; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Padua, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baggio+C%22">Baggio C</searchLink>; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Padua, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hernández-Rodríguez+J%22">Hernández-Rodríguez J</searchLink>; Clinical Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Caverzaschi+VG%22">Caverzaschi VG</searchLink>; Clinical Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Espinosa+G%22">Espinosa G</searchLink>; Clinical Unit of Autoinflammatory Diseases, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic of Barcelona [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mayrink+Giardini+HA%22">Mayrink Giardini HA</searchLink>; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alves+Cordeiro+R%22">Alves Cordeiro R</searchLink>; Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22González-García+A%22">González-García A</searchLink>; Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Peña+Rodríguez+M%22">Peña Rodríguez M</searchLink>; Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lopalco+G%22">Lopalco G</searchLink>; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Iannone+F%22">Iannone F</searchLink>; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J) Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Viapiana+O%22">Viapiana O</searchLink>; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tufan+A%22">Tufan A</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kucuk+H%22">Kucuk H</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hissaria+P%22">Hissaria P</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Beecher+M%22">Beecher M</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.; Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22De+Paulis+A%22">De Paulis A</searchLink>; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), WAO Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mormile+I%22">Mormile I</searchLink>; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Clinical Immunology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dagna+L%22">Dagna L</searchLink>; Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Campochiaro+C%22">Campochiaro C</searchLink>; Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gidaro+A%22">Gidaro A</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22La+Cava+L%22">La Cava L</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bugatti+S%22">Bugatti S</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Pavia, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Milanesi+A%22">Milanesi A</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Pavia, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ruiz-Irastorza+G%22">Ruiz-Irastorza G</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Biscay, Spain.; Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Piga+M%22">Piga M</searchLink>; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Conti+F%22">Conti F</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Rheumatology Unit, AOU Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moscato+P%22">Moscato P</searchLink>; UOC of Internal Medicine - Rheumatology Outpatients Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Opris-Belinski+D%22">Opris-Belinski D</searchLink>; Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vitetta+R%22">Vitetta R</searchLink>; Unit of Rheumatology, ASL VC Sant' Andrea Hospital, Vercelli, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chighizola+C%22">Chighizola C</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Research Center for Adult and Pediatric Rheumatic Diseases, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Recke+A%22">Recke A</searchLink>; Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.; Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center, European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Lübeck, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tornero-Romero+F%22">Tornero-Romero F</searchLink>; Medicina Interna - Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prete+M%22">Prete M</searchLink>; Rheumatic and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine (DIM), University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Govoni+M%22">Govoni M</searchLink>; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna-Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Emmi+G%22">Emmi G</searchLink>; Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.; Clinical Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy.; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kawakami-Campos+PA%22">Kawakami-Campos PA</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Triggianese+P%22">Triggianese P</searchLink>; UOC Medicina Interna - UOSD Geriatria, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gurnari+C%22">Gurnari C</searchLink>; Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.; Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ragab+G%22">Ragab G</searchLink>; Internal Medicine Department, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.; Faculty of Medicine, Newgiza University, 6th of October City, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Balistreri+A%22">Balistreri A</searchLink>; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.; Bioengineering and Biomedical Data Science Lab, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ziȩtkiewicz+M%22">Ziȩtkiewicz M</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.; Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology, Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wiesik-Szewczyk+E%22">Wiesik-Szewczyk E</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rare Diseases, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Frediani+B%22">Frediani B</searchLink>; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fabiani+C%22">Fabiani C</searchLink>; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.; Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sicuranza+A%22">Sicuranza A</searchLink>; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.; Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bocchia+M%22">Bocchia M</searchLink>; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.; Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cantarini+L%22">Cantarini L</searchLink>; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vitale+A%22">Vitale A</searchLink>; Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease Clinic, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.; Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101648047%22">Frontiers in medicine</searchLink> [Front Med (Lausanne)] 2026 Jan 12; Vol. 12, pp. 1659758. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jan 12 (<i>Print Publication: </i>2025).
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Frontiers+Media+S%2EA%22">Frontiers Media S.A </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Switzerland <i>NLM ID: </i>101648047 <i>Publication Model: </i>eCollection <i>Cited Medium: </i>Print <i>ISSN: </i>2296-858X (Print) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%222296858X%22">2296858X </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Front Med (Lausanne) <i>Subsets: </i>PubMed not MEDLINE
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