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Effect of late-onset on multiple sclerosis phenotype and outcome: evidence from a multi-national registry.

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Title: Effect of late-onset on multiple sclerosis phenotype and outcome: evidence from a multi-national registry.
Authors: Souissi A; Neurology Department, LR18SP03 and Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, university hospital center Razi-Mannouba, Tunis, Tunisia.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia., Patti F; Department of Medical and Surgical and Advanced Technologies, G F Ingrassia, University of Catania, UOS Sclerosi Multipla, AOU Policlinico 'G Rodolico-San Marco', University of Catania, Catania, Italy. francesco.patti@unict.it., Spelman T; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.; MSBase Foundation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia., Chisari C; Department of Medical and Surgical and Advanced Technologies, G F Ingrassia, University of Catania, UOS Sclerosi Multipla, AOU Policlinico 'G Rodolico-San Marco', University of Catania, Catania, Italy., Gargouri A; Neurology Department, LR18SP03 and Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, university hospital center Razi-Mannouba, Tunis, Tunisia.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia., John N; Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia., Kermode AG; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEIIMC, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia., Kalincik T; Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia., Butzkueven H; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Sajedi SA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gogan, Iran., Lechner-Scott J; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.; Hunter New England Health, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia., Roos I; Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia., Laureys G; Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium., Taylor B; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia.; Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia., Alroughani R; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine-Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait., Khoury SJ; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon., Macdonell R; Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia., Weinstock-Guttman B; Department of Neurology, Jacobs MS Center for Treatment and Research, New York, USA., Havrdova EK; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic., Maimone D; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, Azienda Opsedaliera Per L'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy., Reddel S; Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia., Fabis-Pedrini M; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia., Willekens B; Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO)- Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Moghadasi AN; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Lalive P; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology-Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland., Lugaresi A; Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche E Neuromotorie, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia., Ozakbas S; Izmir University of Economics, Medical Point Hospital, Multiple Sclerosis Research Association, Izmir, Turkey., Solaro C; Neurology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy., Cárdenas-Robledo S; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia Bogota, Bogotá, Colombia.; Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple (CEMHUN), Departamento de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia., Shaygannejad V; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Etemadifar M; MS Institute, Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Boz C; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey., Eichau S; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain., Tomassini V; University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.; Department Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences MS Centre, Clinical Neurology-SS, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy., Terzi M; Medical Faculty, Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey., Prat A; CHUM and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada., Habek M; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia., Blanco Y; Center of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Altintas A; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey., Gerlach O; Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, Heerlen, Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6131 BK, Maastricht, Netherlands., Turkoglu R; Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey., Buzzard K; Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill Hospital, Monash University, Box Hill, Australia., Skibina O; Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Australia.; Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia., Soysal A; Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey., van der Walt A; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Hughes S; Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK., van Pesch V; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.; Université Catholique de Louvain, Neuve, Belgium., Foschi M; Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria Delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy.; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Surcinelli A; Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria Delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy., Prevost J; CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome, Canada., Ramo-Tello C; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain., McGuigan C; St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Sa MJ; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal.; Rede de Investigação Em Saúde, FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, FCS-UFP, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde; RISE-UFP, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Inovação E Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal., Kuhle J; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Spitaleri D; Azienda Ospedaliera Di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino, Italy., Singhal B; Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India., Ampapa R; Nemocnice Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic., de Gans K; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, Netherlands., Petersen T; Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus C, Denmark., Simu M; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania., Lapointe E; Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada., Sanchez-Menoyo JL; Department of Neurology, Usansolo University Hospital, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Galdakao, Spain.; Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Galdakao, Spain., Gray O; South Eastern HSC Trust, Belfast, UK., Garber J; Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia., Aguera-Morales E; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain., Gross-Paju K; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Tallinn, Estonia., Castillo-Triviño T; Hospital Universitario Donostia and IIS Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain., Al-Asmi A; College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman., Grigoriadis N; Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.; Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece., Inshasi J; Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates., Al-Harbi T; Neurology Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia., Hardy TA; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia., Ramanathan S; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.; Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Concord Clinical School, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia., Cambron M; Neurology, Az Sint-Jan Brugge, Bruges, Belgium.; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium., Shuey N; Vincents Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia., Sempere AP; Neurology Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Angel Perez Sempere, Alicante, Spain.; University Miguel Hernandez, Spain -ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain., Csepany T; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary., Treviño-Frenk I; Department of Neurology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Rozsa C; Jahn Ferenc Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary., Cauchi M; Neurosciences Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara, Malta., Karabudak R; Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Neuroimmunology & MS Unit, Koşuyolu Hospital, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey., Mrabet S; Neurology Department, LR18SP03 and Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, university hospital center Razi-Mannouba, Tunis, Tunisia.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia., Gouider R; Neurology Department, LR18SP03 and Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, university hospital center Razi-Mannouba, Tunis, Tunisia. riadh.gouider@gnet.tn.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia. riadh.gouider@gnet.tn.
Source: Journal of neurology [J Neurol] 2026 Feb 04; Vol. 273 (2), pp. 114. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 04.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Observational Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0423161 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1459 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03405354 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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DbLabel: MEDLINE Ultimate
An: 41634506
AccessLevel: 2
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
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  Data: Effect of late-onset on multiple sclerosis phenotype and outcome: evidence from a multi-national registry.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Souissi+A%22">Souissi A</searchLink>; Neurology Department, LR18SP03 and Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, university hospital center Razi-Mannouba, Tunis, Tunisia.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Patti+F%22">Patti F</searchLink>; Department of Medical and Surgical and Advanced Technologies, G F Ingrassia, University of Catania, UOS Sclerosi Multipla, AOU Policlinico 'G Rodolico-San Marco', University of Catania, Catania, Italy. francesco.patti@unict.it.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Spelman+T%22">Spelman T</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.; MSBase Foundation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chisari+C%22">Chisari C</searchLink>; Department of Medical and Surgical and Advanced Technologies, G F Ingrassia, University of Catania, UOS Sclerosi Multipla, AOU Policlinico 'G Rodolico-San Marco', University of Catania, Catania, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gargouri+A%22">Gargouri A</searchLink>; Neurology Department, LR18SP03 and Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, university hospital center Razi-Mannouba, Tunis, Tunisia.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22John+N%22">John N</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kermode+AG%22">Kermode AG</searchLink>; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, QEIIMC, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kalincik+T%22">Kalincik T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Butzkueven+H%22">Butzkueven H</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sajedi+SA%22">Sajedi SA</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Neuroscience Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gogan, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lechner-Scott+J%22">Lechner-Scott J</searchLink>; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.; Hunter New England Health, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Roos+I%22">Roos I</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Laureys+G%22">Laureys G</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Taylor+B%22">Taylor B</searchLink>; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia.; Menzies Institute for Medical Research University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alroughani+R%22">Alroughani R</searchLink>; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine-Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khoury+SJ%22">Khoury SJ</searchLink>; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Macdonell+R%22">Macdonell R</searchLink>; Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Weinstock-Guttman+B%22">Weinstock-Guttman B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Jacobs MS Center for Treatment and Research, New York, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Havrdova+EK%22">Havrdova EK</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maimone+D%22">Maimone D</searchLink>; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, Azienda Opsedaliera Per L'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reddel+S%22">Reddel S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fabis-Pedrini+M%22">Fabis-Pedrini M</searchLink>; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Willekens+B%22">Willekens B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO)- Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moghadasi+AN%22">Moghadasi AN</searchLink>; Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lalive+P%22">Lalive P</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Unit of Neuroimmunology-Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lugaresi+A%22">Lugaresi A</searchLink>; Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche E Neuromotorie, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ozakbas+S%22">Ozakbas S</searchLink>; Izmir University of Economics, Medical Point Hospital, Multiple Sclerosis Research Association, Izmir, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Solaro+C%22">Solaro C</searchLink>; Neurology Unit, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cárdenas-Robledo+S%22">Cárdenas-Robledo S</searchLink>; Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia Bogota, Bogotá, Colombia.; Centro de Esclerosis Múltiple (CEMHUN), Departamento de Neurología, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shaygannejad+V%22">Shaygannejad V</searchLink>; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Etemadifar+M%22">Etemadifar M</searchLink>; MS Institute, Isfahan University Of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.; Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boz+C%22">Boz C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Eichau+S%22">Eichau S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tomassini+V%22">Tomassini V</searchLink>; University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.; Department Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences MS Centre, Clinical Neurology-SS, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), Annunziata University Hospital, Chieti, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Terzi+M%22">Terzi M</searchLink>; Medical Faculty, Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prat+A%22">Prat A</searchLink>; CHUM and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Habek+M%22">Habek M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blanco+Y%22">Blanco Y</searchLink>; Center of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Altintas+A%22">Altintas A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gerlach+O%22">Gerlach O</searchLink>; Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, Heerlen, Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6131 BK, Maastricht, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Turkoglu+R%22">Turkoglu R</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Buzzard+K%22">Buzzard K</searchLink>; Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health Clinical School, Box Hill Hospital, Monash University, Box Hill, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Skibina+O%22">Skibina O</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Box Hill, Australia.; Department of Neurosciences, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soysal+A%22">Soysal A</searchLink>; Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+der+Walt+A%22">van der Walt A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hughes+S%22">Hughes S</searchLink>; Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+Pesch+V%22">van Pesch V</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.; Université Catholique de Louvain, Neuve, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Foschi+M%22">Foschi M</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria Delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy.; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Surcinelli+A%22">Surcinelli A</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, Neurology Unit, S. Maria Delle Croci Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prevost+J%22">Prevost J</searchLink>; CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramo-Tello+C%22">Ramo-Tello C</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McGuigan+C%22">McGuigan C</searchLink>; St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.; School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sa+MJ%22">Sa MJ</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal.; Rede de Investigação Em Saúde, FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, FCS-UFP, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde; RISE-UFP, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Inovação E Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kuhle+J%22">Kuhle J</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Spitaleri+D%22">Spitaleri D</searchLink>; Azienda Ospedaliera Di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Singhal+B%22">Singhal B</searchLink>; Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ampapa+R%22">Ampapa R</searchLink>; Nemocnice Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22de+Gans+K%22">de Gans K</searchLink>; Groene Hart Ziekenhuis, Gouda, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Petersen+T%22">Petersen T</searchLink>; Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus C, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Simu+M%22">Simu M</searchLink>; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lapointe+E%22">Lapointe E</searchLink>; Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanchez-Menoyo+JL%22">Sanchez-Menoyo JL</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Usansolo University Hospital, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, Galdakao, Spain.; Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Galdakao, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gray+O%22">Gray O</searchLink>; South Eastern HSC Trust, Belfast, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Garber+J%22">Garber J</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aguera-Morales+E%22">Aguera-Morales E</searchLink>; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gross-Paju+K%22">Gross-Paju K</searchLink>; Multiple Sclerosis Centre, West-Tallinn Central Hospital, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Tallinn, Estonia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Castillo-Triviño+T%22">Castillo-Triviño T</searchLink>; Hospital Universitario Donostia and IIS Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Asmi+A%22">Al-Asmi A</searchLink>; College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grigoriadis+N%22">Grigoriadis N</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.; Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Inshasi+J%22">Inshasi J</searchLink>; Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Harbi+T%22">Al-Harbi T</searchLink>; Neurology Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hardy+TA%22">Hardy TA</searchLink>; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramanathan+S%22">Ramanathan S</searchLink>; University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.; Translational Neuroimmunology Group, Kids Neuroscience Centre and Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Concord Clinical School, Concord Hospital, Sydney, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cambron+M%22">Cambron M</searchLink>; Neurology, Az Sint-Jan Brugge, Bruges, Belgium.; Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shuey+N%22">Shuey N</searchLink>; Vincents Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sempere+AP%22">Sempere AP</searchLink>; Neurology Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Angel Perez Sempere, Alicante, Spain.; University Miguel Hernandez, Spain -ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Csepany+T%22">Csepany T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Treviño-Frenk+I%22">Treviño-Frenk I</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rozsa+C%22">Rozsa C</searchLink>; Jahn Ferenc Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cauchi+M%22">Cauchi M</searchLink>; Neurosciences Department, Mater Dei Hospital, Birkirkara, Malta.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karabudak+R%22">Karabudak R</searchLink>; Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Neuroimmunology & MS Unit, Koşuyolu Hospital, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mrabet+S%22">Mrabet S</searchLink>; Neurology Department, LR18SP03 and Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, university hospital center Razi-Mannouba, Tunis, Tunisia.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gouider+R%22">Gouider R</searchLink>; Neurology Department, LR18SP03 and Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, university hospital center Razi-Mannouba, Tunis, Tunisia. riadh.gouider@gnet.tn.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia. riadh.gouider@gnet.tn.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220423161%22">Journal of neurology</searchLink> [J Neurol] 2026 Feb 04; Vol. 273 (2), pp. 114. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Feb 04.
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