iSPHYNCS: Unsupervised Clustering in Questionnaires and Metadata Reveals Distinct Subtypes in the Narcolepsy Borderland.

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Title: iSPHYNCS: Unsupervised Clustering in Questionnaires and Metadata Reveals Distinct Subtypes in the Narcolepsy Borderland.
Authors: Morand R; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Experimental Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Fregolente L; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., van der Meer J; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Wenz ES; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Helmy A; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Experimental Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Brigato L; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Warncke JD; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Zub K; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Khatami R; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Clinic Barmelweid, Center for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research, Barmelweid, Switzerland., Zhang Z; Clinic Barmelweid, Center for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research, Barmelweid, Switzerland., von Manitius S; Department of Neurology, Health Ostschweiz (HOCH), Kantonsspital St. Gallen St, St. Gallen, Switzerland., Miano S; Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Regional Hospital (EOC) of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland., Acker J; ZurzachCare, Clinic for Sleep Medicine, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland., Strub M; Centre for Sleep Medicine Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Kallweit U; Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnias, Professorship for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnolence Research, Department of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany., Lammers GJ; Sleep Wake Centre SEIN, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, the Netherlands.; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands., Tzovara A; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Experimental Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Bassetti CLA; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Mougiakakou S; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Schmidt MH; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Experimental Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Source: Journal of sleep research [J Sleep Res] 2026 Aug; Vol. 35 (4), pp. e70294. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Published on behalf of the European Sleep Research Society by Blackwell Scientific Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9214441 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2869 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09621105 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Sleep Res Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: iSPHYNCS: Unsupervised Clustering in Questionnaires and Metadata Reveals Distinct Subtypes in the Narcolepsy Borderland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Morand+R%22">Morand R</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Experimental Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fregolente+L%22">Fregolente L</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+der+Meer+J%22">van der Meer J</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wenz+ES%22">Wenz ES</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Helmy+A%22">Helmy A</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Experimental Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brigato+L%22">Brigato L</searchLink>; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Warncke+JD%22">Warncke JD</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zub+K%22">Zub K</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khatami+R%22">Khatami R</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Clinic Barmelweid, Center for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research, Barmelweid, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+Z%22">Zhang Z</searchLink>; Clinic Barmelweid, Center for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research, Barmelweid, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22von+Manitius+S%22">von Manitius S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Health Ostschweiz (HOCH), Kantonsspital St. Gallen St, St. Gallen, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Miano+S%22">Miano S</searchLink>; Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Regional Hospital (EOC) of Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Acker+J%22">Acker J</searchLink>; ZurzachCare, Clinic for Sleep Medicine, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Strub+M%22">Strub M</searchLink>; Centre for Sleep Medicine Basel, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kallweit+U%22">Kallweit U</searchLink>; Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnias, Professorship for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnolence Research, Department of Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lammers+GJ%22">Lammers GJ</searchLink>; Sleep Wake Centre SEIN, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, the Netherlands.; Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tzovara+A%22">Tzovara A</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Experimental Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Institute of Computer Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bassetti+CLA%22">Bassetti CLA</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mougiakakou+S%22">Mougiakakou S</searchLink>; ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schmidt+MH%22">Schmidt MH</searchLink>; Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.; Center for Experimental Neurology, Sleep Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229214441%22">Journal of sleep research</searchLink> [J Sleep Res] 2026 Aug; Vol. 35 (4), pp. e70294. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Feb 09.
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