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Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE).

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Title: Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE).
Authors: Al-Rubaye SN; Imam Al-Sadiq Teaching Hospital, Coronary Care Unit, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq., Shweliya MA; University of Baghdad College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq., Hemida MF; Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt., Bdair M; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine., Elezz AMA; Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt., Shehab MA; Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt., Abukhaled Y; The University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA., Al-Waeli ARA; Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq., Hameed AAZ; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia., Hussein AFA; Babylon University, College of Medicine, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq., Hamzah KA; Baghdad university Alkindy College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq., Al-Jarshawi M; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.; Institute of Health Sciences Education, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.; 2Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.; NIHR Academy, National Institute for Health & Care Research, Leeds, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.; Cardiology Department, Royal Stoke University Hospitals, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.
Source: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2026 Feb 23; Vol. 26 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 23.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis
Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Rubaye+SN%22">Al-Rubaye SN</searchLink>; Imam Al-Sadiq Teaching Hospital, Coronary Care Unit, Hillah, Babylon, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shweliya+MA%22">Shweliya MA</searchLink>; University of Baghdad College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hemida+MF%22">Hemida MF</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bdair+M%22">Bdair M</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Elezz+AMA%22">Elezz AMA</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shehab+MA%22">Shehab MA</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Abukhaled+Y%22">Abukhaled Y</searchLink>; The University of Tennessee Health and Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Waeli+ARA%22">Al-Waeli ARA</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Karkh General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hameed+AAZ%22">Hameed AAZ</searchLink>; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hussein+AFA%22">Hussein AFA</searchLink>; Babylon University, College of Medicine, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hamzah+KA%22">Hamzah KA</searchLink>; Baghdad university Alkindy College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Jarshawi+M%22">Al-Jarshawi M</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.; Institute of Health Sciences Education, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.; 2Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.; NIHR Academy, National Institute for Health & Care Research, Leeds, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.; Cardiology Department, Royal Stoke University Hospitals, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. mustafa.al-jarshawi@manchester.ac.uk.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22100968562%22">BMC public health</searchLink> [BMC Public Health] 2026 Feb 23; Vol. 26 (1). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Feb 23.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22BioMed+Central%22">BioMed Central </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>100968562 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1471-2458 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2214712458%22">14712458 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>BMC Public Health <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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