The Under-Identification of Autism in Females: A Review and Analysis of Sex-Based Scoring Differences Observed in Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module 3.

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Title: The Under-Identification of Autism in Females: A Review and Analysis of Sex-Based Scoring Differences Observed in Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) Module 3.
Authors: Yu YY; Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, The State University of New Jersey, Rutgers, Piscataway, NJ, USA.; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Wyman A; Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA., Faulk CJ; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Fulop LJ; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Greenberg RL; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.; College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA.; College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA., Benecke RM; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Steinbeck LK; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Foy J; Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA., Kim C; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Emory GO; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Fox E; Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA., Storch EA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Zampella CJ; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Yerys BE; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Advancing Transition and Learning for Adult Success Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Schultz RT; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Parish-Morris J; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Herrington JD; Center for Autism Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Clements CC; Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46556, USA. cclemen2@nd.edu.
Source: Journal of autism and developmental disorders [J Autism Dev Disord] 2026 Feb 24. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 24.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7904301 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-3432 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01623257 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Autism Dev Disord Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1573-3432
DOI:10.1007/s10803-026-07253-z