Impact of Imaging Acquisition and Protocol Variability on Artificial Intelligence Model Performance: A Secondary Analysis of the ASFNR Artificial Intelligence Competition.
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| Title: | Impact of Imaging Acquisition and Protocol Variability on Artificial Intelligence Model Performance: A Secondary Analysis of the ASFNR Artificial Intelligence Competition. |
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| Authors: | Zhu G; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Ozkara BB; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Allen JW; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Barboriak DP; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Chaudhari R; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Chen H; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Chukus A; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Etter M; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Filippi CG; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Flanders AE; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Godwin R; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Hashmi S; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Hess C; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Hsu K; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Jiang B; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Lui YW; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Maldjian JA; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Michel P; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Nalawade SS; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Raghavan P; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Sair HI; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Welker K; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Whitlow CT; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Zaharchuk G; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA., Wintermark M; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. max.wintermark@gmail.com. |
| Source: | AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology [AJNR Am J Neuroradiol] 2026 Feb 27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Feb 27. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: American Society of Neuroradiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8003708 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1936-959X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01956108 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Database: | MEDLINE Ultimate |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: mdl DbLabel: MEDLINE Ultimate An: 41760384 AccessLevel: 2 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Impact of Imaging Acquisition and Protocol Variability on Artificial Intelligence Model Performance: A Secondary Analysis of the ASFNR Artificial Intelligence Competition. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhu+G%22">Zhu G</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ozkara+BB%22">Ozkara BB</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Allen+JW%22">Allen JW</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barboriak+DP%22">Barboriak DP</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chaudhari+R%22">Chaudhari R</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+H%22">Chen H</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chukus+A%22">Chukus A</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Etter+M%22">Etter M</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Filippi+CG%22">Filippi CG</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Flanders+AE%22">Flanders AE</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Godwin+R%22">Godwin R</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hashmi+S%22">Hashmi S</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hess+C%22">Hess C</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hsu+K%22">Hsu K</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jiang+B%22">Jiang B</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lui+YW%22">Lui YW</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maldjian+JA%22">Maldjian JA</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Michel+P%22">Michel P</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nalawade+SS%22">Nalawade SS</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Raghavan+P%22">Raghavan P</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sair+HI%22">Sair HI</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Welker+K%22">Welker K</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Whitlow+CT%22">Whitlow CT</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zaharchuk+G%22">Zaharchuk G</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wintermark+M%22">Wintermark M</searchLink>; From the Department of Neurology (G.Z., M.E.), The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (BBO), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Radiology (D.P.B.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Division (R.C., A.C., S.H., B.J., G.Z.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Sutter Imaging (R.C.), Sutter Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (H.C.), MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiology (C.G.F.), Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology (A.E.F.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology (R.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging (C.H.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology (K.H.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology (J.A. M., S.S.N.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.M.), Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (P.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (P.R.), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Malone Center for Engineering in Healthcare (H.I.S.), Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; and Department of Radiology (H.I.S.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA. max.wintermark@gmail.com. – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228003708%22">AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology</searchLink> [AJNR Am J Neuroradiol] 2026 Feb 27. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Feb 27. – Name: TypePub Label: Publication Type Group: TypPub Data: Journal Article – Name: TitleSource Label: Journal Info Group: Src Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22American+Society+of+Neuroradiology%22">American Society of Neuroradiology </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>8003708 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1936-959X (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2201956108%22">01956108 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>AJNR Am J Neuroradiol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.3174/ajnr.A9266 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English Titles: – TitleFull: Impact of Imaging Acquisition and Protocol Variability on Artificial Intelligence Model Performance: A Secondary Analysis of the ASFNR Artificial Intelligence Competition. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zhu G – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ozkara BB – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Allen JW – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Barboriak DP – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chaudhari R – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chen H – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Chukus A – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Etter M – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Filippi CG – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Flanders AE – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Godwin R – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hashmi S – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hess C – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hsu K – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Jiang B – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Lui YW – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Maldjian JA – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Michel P – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Nalawade SS – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Raghavan P – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sair HI – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Welker K – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Whitlow CT – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Zaharchuk G – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Wintermark M IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 27 M: 02 Text: 2026 Feb 27 Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-electronic Value: 1936-959X Titles: – TitleFull: AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology Type: main |
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