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Merlin: a computed tomography vision-language foundation model and dataset.

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Title: Merlin: a computed tomography vision-language foundation model and dataset.
Authors: Blankemeier L; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Kumar A; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Cohen JP; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Liu J; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Liu L; Computational Precision Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA., Van Veen D; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Gardezi SJS; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., Yu H; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., Paschali M; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Chen Z; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Delbrouck JB; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Reis E; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Holland R; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Truyts C; Department of Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, San Paulo, Brazil., Bluethgen C; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Wu Y; Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan., Lian L; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA., Jensen MEK; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Ostmeier S; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Varma M; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Valanarasu JMJ; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Fang Z; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Huo Z; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Nabulsi Z; Google, Mountain View, CA, USA., Ardila D; Google, Mountain View, CA, USA., Weng WH; Google, Mountain View, CA, USA., Junior EA; Department of Radiology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, San Paulo, Brazil., Ahuja N; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Fries J; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Shah NH; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Zaharchuk G; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Willis M; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Yala A; Computational Precision Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA., Johnston A; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Boutin RD; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Wentland A; Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA., Langlotz CP; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Hom J; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Gatidis S; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA., Chaudhari AS; Stanford Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. akshaysc@stanford.edu.; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. akshaysc@stanford.edu.; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. akshaysc@stanford.edu.; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA, USA. akshaysc@stanford.edu.; Weill Cancer Hub West, Stanford, CA, USA. akshaysc@stanford.edu.
Source: Nature [Nature] 2026 Apr; Vol. 652 (8112), pp. 1318-1328. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 04.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: MEDLINE
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