Current State of Artificial Intelligence Adoption and Implementation in Neuroradiology Departments: Insights from a U.S. National Survey.

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Title: Current State of Artificial Intelligence Adoption and Implementation in Neuroradiology Departments: Insights from a U.S. National Survey.
Authors: Wintermark M; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research. max.wintermark@gmail.com., Allen JW; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Bhala R; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Derdeyn C; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Gupta A; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Hess CP; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Hoxworth JM; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Huisman T; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Jayaraman MV; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Malhotra A; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., McKinney AM; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Mossa-Basha M; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Policeni B; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Poussaint TY; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Saindane A; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Vagal A; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research., Whitlow C; From the Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), The University of MD Anderson Center, Houston, TX; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (J.W.A.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN; American Society of Neuroradiology (R.B.), Oak Brook, IL; Department of Radiology (C.D.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; Department of Radiology (A.G.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY; Professor and Chair, Department of Radiology (C.P.H.), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science; Chair, Department of Radiology (J.M.H.), Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ; Edward B. Singleton endowed Chair of Radiology (T.H.), Texas' Children's, Houston, TX; Professor and Chair of Radiology (M.V.J.), Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (A.M., C.W.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT; Shapiro Chair and Professor of Radiology (A.M.M.), University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL; Department of Radiology (M.M.-B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Kenneth L. and Gloria D. Krabbenhoft Chair and Professor of Radiology (B.P.), University of Iowa - Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; Radiologist-in-Chief and Lionel W. Young Chair in Radiology (T.Y.P.), Boston Children's Hospital; Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School; William P. Timmie Professor of Radiology (A.S.), Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati (A.V.), OH and Professor and Chair of Radiology (C.W.), Radiologist-in-Chief of the Yale New Have Health System, Dorys McConnell Duberg Professor of Neuroscience, Assistant Dean for Translational Research.
Source: AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology [AJNR Am J Neuroradiol] 2026 Mar 06. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 06.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: American Society of Neuroradiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8003708 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1936-959X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01956108 NLM ISO Abbreviation: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1936-959X
DOI:10.3174/ajnr.A9279