Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells: origin, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.

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Title: Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells: origin, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.
Authors: Lai L; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Ran S; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Li Y; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Cui J; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China., Zhang X; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Yu J; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China., Zou Y; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Zhou C; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China., Xia J; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn., Wu J; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.
Source: Signal transduction and targeted therapy [Signal Transduct Target Ther] 2026 Mar 09; Vol. 11 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101676423 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2059-3635 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20593635 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Signal Transduct Target Ther Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Cytotoxic CD4<superscript>+</superscript> T cells: origin, biological functions, diseases and therapeutic targets.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lai+L%22">Lai L</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ran+S%22">Ran S</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+Y%22">Li Y</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cui+J%22">Cui J</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+X%22">Zhang X</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu+J%22">Yu J</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zou+Y%22">Zou Y</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+C%22">Zhou C</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xia+J%22">Xia J</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China. jiahong.xia@hust.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+J%22">Wu J</searchLink>; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China. wujie426@hust.edu.cn.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101676423%22">Signal transduction and targeted therapy</searchLink> [Signal Transduct Target Ther] 2026 Mar 09; Vol. 11 (1). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Mar 09.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Nature+Publishing+Group%22">Nature Publishing Group </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>101676423 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2059-3635 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2220593635%22">20593635 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Signal Transduct Target Ther <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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              Text: 2026 Mar 09
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