Expert evaluation of LLM world models: A high-Tc superconductivity case study.

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Title: Expert evaluation of LLM world models: A high-Tc superconductivity case study.
Authors: Guo H; Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853., Tikhanovskaya M; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138., Raccuglia P; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043., Vlaskin A; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043., Co C; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043., Liebling DJ; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043., Ellsworth S; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043., Abraham M; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043., Dorfman E; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043., Armitage NP; William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218., Feng C; Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010., Georges A; Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010.; Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France.; The Center for Theoretical Physics (CPHT), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.; Department of Quantum Matter Physics (DQMP), Université de Genève, Genève CH-1211, Switzerland., Gingras O; Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010.; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de physique théorique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France., Kiese D; Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010., Kivelson SA; Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305., Oganesyan V; Physics Program and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY 10016.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York (CUNY), Staten Island, NY 10314., Ramshaw BJ; Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853., Sachdev S; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138., Senthil T; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139., Tranquada JM; Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000., Brenner MP; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138., Venugopalan S; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043., Kim EA; Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.; Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Mar 17; Vol. 123 (11), pp. e2533676123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 10.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE; PubMed not MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guo+H%22">Guo H</searchLink>; Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tikhanovskaya+M%22">Tikhanovskaya M</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Raccuglia+P%22">Raccuglia P</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vlaskin+A%22">Vlaskin A</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Co+C%22">Co C</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liebling+DJ%22">Liebling DJ</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ellsworth+S%22">Ellsworth S</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Abraham+M%22">Abraham M</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dorfman+E%22">Dorfman E</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Armitage+NP%22">Armitage NP</searchLink>; William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Feng+C%22">Feng C</searchLink>; Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Georges+A%22">Georges A</searchLink>; Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010.; Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France.; The Center for Theoretical Physics (CPHT), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France.; Department of Quantum Matter Physics (DQMP), Université de Genève, Genève CH-1211, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gingras+O%22">Gingras O</searchLink>; Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010.; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Institut de physique théorique, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kiese+D%22">Kiese D</searchLink>; Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kivelson+SA%22">Kivelson SA</searchLink>; Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oganesyan+V%22">Oganesyan V</searchLink>; Physics Program and Initiative for the Theoretical Sciences, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY 10016.; Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York (CUNY), Staten Island, NY 10314.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramshaw+BJ%22">Ramshaw BJ</searchLink>; Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sachdev+S%22">Sachdev S</searchLink>; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Senthil+T%22">Senthil T</searchLink>; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tranquada+JM%22">Tranquada JM</searchLink>; Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brenner+MP%22">Brenner MP</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.; School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Venugopalan+S%22">Venugopalan S</searchLink>; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kim+EA%22">Kim EA</searchLink>; Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.; Google, Mountain View, CA 94043.; Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea.
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