360° to the Petrous Apex: Comprehensive Surgical Anatomy and Limitations of Open and Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Petrous Apex.

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Title: 360° to the Petrous Apex: Comprehensive Surgical Anatomy and Limitations of Open and Endoscopic Endonasal Approaches to the Petrous Apex.
Authors: Alexander AY; Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA., Agosti E; Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy., Plou P; Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurologic Surgery, Ospidale Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Graepel S; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA., Pinheiro-Neto CD; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA., Leonel LCPC; Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA., Eide JG; Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA., Van Gompel JJ; Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA., Link MJ; Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA., Peris-Celda M; Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.; Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Source: Operative neurosurgery (Hagerstown, Md.) [Oper Neurosurg] 2026 Mar 13. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 13.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101635417 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2332-4260 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23324252 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Oper Neurosurg Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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              Text: 2026 Mar 13
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