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Time and person sensitive foundation model for disease prediction and risk stratification.

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Title: Time and person sensitive foundation model for disease prediction and risk stratification.
Authors: Wang Z; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Zhou Y; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Hawkes Institute, University College London, London, UK., Wu Y; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Eye Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Goh JHL; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health; and Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Zou K; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health; and Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Guan Z; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai, China., Chen Y; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore., Yang GD; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore., Zhang P; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Yin C; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Ran AR; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China., Chee ML; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore., Xue CC; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore., Soh ZD; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore., Yew S; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health; and Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Fang D; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China., Liu X; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China., Thinggaard BS; Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Grauslund J; Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark., Li H; School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China., Jin Y; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Eye Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China., Shu J; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Li T; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Jiang N; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Chen T; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Centre, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China., Li H; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai, China., Wang X; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Wu Q; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China., Sabanayagam C; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore., Wagner SK; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Cheung CY; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Cheng CY; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health; and Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore., Sheng B; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn., Wong TY; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Eye Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn., Keane PA; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. p.keane@ucl.ac.uk.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. p.keane@ucl.ac.uk., Tham YC; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. thamyc@nus.edu.sg.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health; and Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. thamyc@nus.edu.sg.
Source: NPJ digital medicine [NPJ Digit Med] 2026 Mar 14; Vol. 9 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 14.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101731738 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2398-6352 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23986352 NLM ISO Abbreviation: NPJ Digit Med Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+Z%22">Wang Z</searchLink>; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+Y%22">Zhou Y</searchLink>; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Hawkes Institute, University College London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+Y%22">Wu Y</searchLink>; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Eye Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Goh+JHL%22">Goh JHL</searchLink>; 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Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jiang+N%22">Jiang N</searchLink>; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+T%22">Chen T</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Health and Medical Centre, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+H%22">Li H</searchLink>; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+X%22">Wang X</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+Q%22">Wu Q</searchLink>; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sabanayagam+C%22">Sabanayagam C</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wagner+SK%22">Wagner SK</searchLink>; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheung+CY%22">Cheung CY</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheng+CY%22">Cheng CY</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health; and Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sheng+B%22">Sheng B</searchLink>; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.; MOE Key Laboratory of AI, School of Electronic, Information, and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. shengbin@sjtu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wong+TY%22">Wong TY</searchLink>; Beijing Visual Science and Translational Eye Research Institute (BERI), Eye Center of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.; School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. wongtienyin@tsinghua.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Keane+PA%22">Keane PA</searchLink>; Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK. p.keane@ucl.ac.uk.; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. p.keane@ucl.ac.uk.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tham+YC%22">Tham YC</searchLink>; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore. thamyc@nus.edu.sg.; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health; and Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. thamyc@nus.edu.sg.
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