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Dimensional Associations Between Conduct Problems and Brain Structure Across 18 International Cohorts in ENIGMA.

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Title: Dimensional Associations Between Conduct Problems and Brain Structure Across 18 International Cohorts in ENIGMA.
Authors: Staginnus M; University of Bath, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ms2290@bath.ac.uk., Gao Y; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom., Townend S; University of Bath, United Kingdom., Zugman A; National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP), Bethesda, Maryland., Zhang J; Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China., Wu Q; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany., Westerman HB; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan., Viding E; University College London, United Kingdom., Vermeiren RRJM; LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands., van der Wee NJA; Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands., Townsend CD; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom., Sun X; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China., Sully K; School of Psychology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom., Sukhodolsky D; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut., Stadler C; University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland., Sonuga-Barke EJS; School of Academic Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom., Smaragdi A; Child Development Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Sethi A; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom., Schumann G; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; PONS Centre, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Germany., Schulze UME; University of Ulm, Germany; Center for Psychiatry Calw, Böblingen, Germany., Santosh P; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), Michael Rutter Centre, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom; HealthTracker Ltd, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom., Salum GA; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Child Mind Institute, New York, New York., Sagar-Ouriaghli I; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom., Rogers JC; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Centre for Neurogenetics, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom., Roberts R; University College London, United Kingdom., Raschle NM; Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland., Ploe ML; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Washington State University, Pullman, Washington., Phillips H; University College London, United Kingdom., Penzol MJ; Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain., Pauli R; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom., Pan PM; Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; National Center for Innovation and Research in Mental Health (CISM), São Paulo, Brazil., Oosterling M; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Mycue LE; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Freie Universität Berlin, Germany., Murphy DGM; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom., Monk CS; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan., Mitchell C; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan., Ming Q; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China., Michalska KJ; University of California Riverside, California., Martinot JL; INSERM U1299, Developmental Trajectories & Psychiatry, ENS Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay, Borelli Center UMR9010, Gif sur Yvette, France; EPS Barthélémy Durand Hospital, Etampes, France., Martinelli A; University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Psychology School, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Marsh AA; Georgetown University, Washington, DC., Ma R; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China., Lamers K; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Kypta-Vivanco A; University of Bath, United Kingdom., Konrad K; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany; Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-10: Transnational Neuroscience), Research Centre Jülich, Germany., Kohls G; TUD Dresden University of Technology, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), partner site Leipzig/Dresden, Germany., Jiang Y; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China., Jackson R; University of Bath, United Kingdom., Jackowski A; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana., Jabeen N; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom., Ibrahim K; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut., Hyde LW; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan., Holla B; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Hoekstra PJ; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands., González-Madruga K; Middlesex University London, United Kingdom., Glennon JC; School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Ireland., Freitag CM; University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany., Franke B; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Dykstra AH; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Dong D; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China., Dietrich A; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands., Díaz DE; Columbia University, New York, New York., Desrivières S; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom., De La Serna E; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED, CIBER, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain., Cubillo AI; University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland., Craig MC; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom., Cornwell H; University of Bath, United Kingdom., Colins OF; Ghent University, Belgium., Chester SC; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom., Castro-Fornieles J; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica-IDIBAPS, Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED, CIBERSAM, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain., Cardinale EM; The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC., Burt SA; Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan., Buitelaar JK; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Brandeis D; Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany., Bokde ALW; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland., Boateng CPS; LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands., Blair RJR; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Denmark., Bernhard A; University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; TUD Dresden University of Technology, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), partner site Leipzig/Dresden, Germany., Berluti K; Georgetown University, Washington, DC., Benegal V; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India., Banaschewski T; Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim-Heidelberg-Ulm, Germany., Bajaj S; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas., Arango C; Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain., Jahanshad N; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California., Thomopoulos SI; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California., Ching CRK; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California., Kang MJY; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California., Thompson PM; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California., Aghajani M; Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands., Baskin-Sommers A; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut., Cecil CAM; Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Dugré JR; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom., Klapwijk ET; Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Pine DS; National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP), Bethesda, Maryland., Walton E; University of Bath, United Kingdom., De Brito SA; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Centre for Neurogenetics, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Developmental Science, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom., Fairchild G; University of Bath, United Kingdom.
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry [J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry] 2026 Mar 13. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 13.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8704565 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1527-5418 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08908567 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Dimensional Associations Between Conduct Problems and Brain Structure Across 18 International Cohorts in ENIGMA.
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  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Staginnus+M%22">Staginnus M</searchLink>; University of Bath, United Kingdom. Electronic address: ms2290@bath.ac.uk.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gao+Y%22">Gao Y</searchLink>; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Townend+S%22">Townend S</searchLink>; University of Bath, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zugman+A%22">Zugman A</searchLink>; National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP), Bethesda, Maryland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+J%22">Zhang J</searchLink>; Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+Q%22">Wu Q</searchLink>; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Westerman+HB%22">Westerman HB</searchLink>; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Viding+E%22">Viding E</searchLink>; University College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vermeiren+RRJM%22">Vermeiren RRJM</searchLink>; LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+der+Wee+NJA%22">van der Wee NJA</searchLink>; Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Townsend+CD%22">Townsend CD</searchLink>; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sun+X%22">Sun X</searchLink>; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sully+K%22">Sully K</searchLink>; School of Psychology, University of Southampton, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sukhodolsky+D%22">Sukhodolsky D</searchLink>; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stadler+C%22">Stadler C</searchLink>; University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sonuga-Barke+EJS%22">Sonuga-Barke EJS</searchLink>; School of Academic Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Smaragdi+A%22">Smaragdi A</searchLink>; Child Development Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sethi+A%22">Sethi A</searchLink>; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schumann+G%22">Schumann G</searchLink>; Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence (ISTBI), Fudan University, Shanghai, China; PONS Centre, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schulze+UME%22">Schulze UME</searchLink>; University of Ulm, Germany; Center for Psychiatry Calw, Böblingen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Santosh+P%22">Santosh P</searchLink>; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), Michael Rutter Centre, Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom; HealthTracker Ltd, Gillingham, Kent, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Salum+GA%22">Salum GA</searchLink>; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Child Mind Institute, New York, New York.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sagar-Ouriaghli+I%22">Sagar-Ouriaghli I</searchLink>; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rogers+JC%22">Rogers JC</searchLink>; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Centre for Neurogenetics, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Roberts+R%22">Roberts R</searchLink>; University College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Raschle+NM%22">Raschle NM</searchLink>; Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ploe+ML%22">Ploe ML</searchLink>; Georgetown University, Washington, DC; Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Phillips+H%22">Phillips H</searchLink>; University College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Penzol+MJ%22">Penzol MJ</searchLink>; Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, ISCIII, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pauli+R%22">Pauli R</searchLink>; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pan+PM%22">Pan PM</searchLink>; Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil; National Center for Innovation and Research in Mental Health (CISM), São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oosterling+M%22">Oosterling M</searchLink>; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mycue+LE%22">Mycue LE</searchLink>; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Murphy+DGM%22">Murphy DGM</searchLink>; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Monk+CS%22">Monk CS</searchLink>; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mitchell+C%22">Mitchell C</searchLink>; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ming+Q%22">Ming Q</searchLink>; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Michalska+KJ%22">Michalska KJ</searchLink>; University of California Riverside, California.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Martinot+JL%22">Martinot JL</searchLink>; INSERM U1299, Developmental Trajectories & Psychiatry, ENS Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay, Borelli Center UMR9010, Gif sur Yvette, France; EPS Barthélémy Durand Hospital, Etampes, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Martinelli+A%22">Martinelli A</searchLink>; University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Psychology School, Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marsh+AA%22">Marsh AA</searchLink>; Georgetown University, Washington, DC.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ma+R%22">Ma R</searchLink>; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lamers+K%22">Lamers K</searchLink>; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kypta-Vivanco+A%22">Kypta-Vivanco A</searchLink>; University of Bath, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Konrad+K%22">Konrad K</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany; Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-10: Transnational Neuroscience), Research Centre Jülich, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kohls+G%22">Kohls G</searchLink>; TUD Dresden University of Technology, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), partner site Leipzig/Dresden, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jiang+Y%22">Jiang Y</searchLink>; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jackson+R%22">Jackson R</searchLink>; University of Bath, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jackowski+A%22">Jackowski A</searchLink>; Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jabeen+N%22">Jabeen N</searchLink>; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ibrahim+K%22">Ibrahim K</searchLink>; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hyde+LW%22">Hyde LW</searchLink>; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Holla+B%22">Holla B</searchLink>; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hoekstra+PJ%22">Hoekstra PJ</searchLink>; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22González-Madruga+K%22">González-Madruga K</searchLink>; Middlesex University London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Glennon+JC%22">Glennon JC</searchLink>; School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Freitag+CM%22">Freitag CM</searchLink>; University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Franke+B%22">Franke B</searchLink>; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dykstra+AH%22">Dykstra AH</searchLink>; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dong+D%22">Dong D</searchLink>; Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dietrich+A%22">Dietrich A</searchLink>; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Accare Child Study Center, Groningen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Díaz+DE%22">Díaz DE</searchLink>; Columbia University, New York, New York.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Desrivières+S%22">Desrivières S</searchLink>; Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22De+La+Serna+E%22">De La Serna E</searchLink>; Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED, CIBER, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cubillo+AI%22">Cubillo AI</searchLink>; University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Craig+MC%22">Craig MC</searchLink>; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cornwell+H%22">Cornwell H</searchLink>; University of Bath, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Colins+OF%22">Colins OF</searchLink>; Ghent University, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chester+SC%22">Chester SC</searchLink>; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Castro-Fornieles+J%22">Castro-Fornieles J</searchLink>; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Fundació Clínic per la Recerca Biomèdica-IDIBAPS, Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en RED, CIBERSAM, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cardinale+EM%22">Cardinale EM</searchLink>; The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Burt+SA%22">Burt SA</searchLink>; Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Buitelaar+JK%22">Buitelaar JK</searchLink>; Radboud University, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent University Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brandeis+D%22">Brandeis D</searchLink>; Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bokde+ALW%22">Bokde ALW</searchLink>; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boateng+CPS%22">Boateng CPS</searchLink>; LUMC Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blair+RJR%22">Blair RJR</searchLink>; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Copenhagen University Hospital-Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bernhard+A%22">Bernhard A</searchLink>; University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; TUD Dresden University of Technology, German Center for Child and Adolescent Health (DZKJ), partner site Leipzig/Dresden, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Berluti+K%22">Berluti K</searchLink>; Georgetown University, Washington, DC.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Benegal+V%22">Benegal V</searchLink>; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Banaschewski+T%22">Banaschewski T</searchLink>; Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim-Heidelberg-Ulm, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bajaj+S%22">Bajaj S</searchLink>; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Arango+C%22">Arango C</searchLink>; Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPAZ, School of Medicine, Universidad Autonóma de Madrid, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jahanshad+N%22">Jahanshad N</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thomopoulos+SI%22">Thomopoulos SI</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ching+CRK%22">Ching CRK</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kang+MJY%22">Kang MJY</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thompson+PM%22">Thompson PM</searchLink>; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aghajani+M%22">Aghajani M</searchLink>; Institute of Education and Child Studies, Leiden University, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baskin-Sommers+A%22">Baskin-Sommers A</searchLink>; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cecil+CAM%22">Cecil CAM</searchLink>; Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dugré+JR%22">Dugré JR</searchLink>; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Klapwijk+ET%22">Klapwijk ET</searchLink>; Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pine+DS%22">Pine DS</searchLink>; National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program (NIMH-IRP), Bethesda, Maryland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Walton+E%22">Walton E</searchLink>; University of Bath, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22De+Brito+SA%22">De Brito SA</searchLink>; Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Centre for Neurogenetics, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom; Centre for Developmental Science, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fairchild+G%22">Fairchild G</searchLink>; University of Bath, United Kingdom.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228704565%22">Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry</searchLink> [J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry] 2026 Mar 13. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Mar 13.
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      – TitleFull: Dimensional Associations Between Conduct Problems and Brain Structure Across 18 International Cohorts in ENIGMA.
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