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Optimal treatment of preclinical cardiovascular disease: A narrative review with a focus on carotid artery stenosis.

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Title: Optimal treatment of preclinical cardiovascular disease: A narrative review with a focus on carotid artery stenosis.
Authors: Paraskevas KI; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Vascular Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: paraskevask@hotmail.com., Mikhailidis DP; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London (UCL), London, UK., Myrcha P; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Masovian Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland., AbuRahma AF; Department of Surgery, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV., Blecha M; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Therapy, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL., Mansilha A; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal., Blinc A; Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Heiss C; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Vascular Department, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK., Sawicka A; Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Setacci C; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy., Zeebregts CJ; Department of Surgery (Division of Vascular Surgery), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands., Spinelli F; Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy., Stilo F; Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy., Witte ME; Department of Surgery, Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands., Lanza G; Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCSS MultiMedica Hospital, Castellanza, Varese, Italy., Jug B; Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Hendiger W; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland., Myrcha J; Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland., Taranta I; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Masovian Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland., Goryn T; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Masovian Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland., D'Oria M; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy., Fernandes E Fernandes J; Cardiovascular Center (CCUL), Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital da Luz Torres de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal., Reijnen MMPJ; Department of Vascular Surgery, Rijnstate, Arnhem, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging (M3I) Group, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands., di Lazzaro V; Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy., Lepidi S; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy., Goudot G; Université Paris Cité, Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, APHP, France., Lal BK; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Vascular Surgery, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN., Jawien A; Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland., Lavie CJ; John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA., Mackevicius A; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Vascular Surgery, Republican Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania., Baltrunas T; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania., Głowiński J; Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland., Liapis CD; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece., Menyhei G; Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary., Secemsky EA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA., Stanek A; Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Angiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland., Saba L; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy., Balestrieri A; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy., Ferreira J; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal., Lanza J; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Italy., Crupi D; Head, Neck and Neuroscience Department, UOSD Stroke Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy., Pitha J; Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic., Pecoraro F; Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy., Setacci F; Vascular Surgery Unit, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy., Svetlikov A; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, North-Western Scientific Clinical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Department of Hospital Surgery, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia., Gurevich VS; Center of Atherosclerosis and Lipid Disorders, Lab of Microangiopathic Mechanisms of Atherogenesis, Saint-Petersburg State University, Mechnikov's Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia., Silvestrini M; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy., Pilato F; Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy., Schneider PA; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA., White CJ; Department of Medicine and Cardiology, The John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA; The Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia., Reiff T; Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Study Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Gargiulo M; Section of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Bologna, Italy; Vascular Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Faggioli G; Section of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Bologna, Italy; Vascular Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy., Chaturvedi S; Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD., Malas MB; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego CA., Perler BA; Department of Surgery, The John Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD., Dardik A; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY., Nicolaides AN; Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Center, Nicosia, Cyprus; University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, London, UK., Poredos P; Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Hicks CW; Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Source: Seminars in vascular surgery [Semin Vasc Surg] 2026 Mar; Vol. 39 (1), pp. 2-11. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 27.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: W.B. Saunders Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8809602 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1558-4518 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08957967 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Semin Vasc Surg Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Optimal treatment of preclinical cardiovascular disease: A narrative review with a focus on carotid artery stenosis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Paraskevas+KI%22">Paraskevas KI</searchLink>; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Vascular Surgery, Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece. Electronic address: paraskevask@hotmail.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mikhailidis+DP%22">Mikhailidis DP</searchLink>; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London (UCL), London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Myrcha+P%22">Myrcha P</searchLink>; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Masovian Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22AbuRahma+AF%22">AbuRahma AF</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, Charleston Area Medical Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, WV.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blecha+M%22">Blecha M</searchLink>; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Therapy, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, IL.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mansilha+A%22">Mansilha A</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blinc+A%22">Blinc A</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Heiss+C%22">Heiss C</searchLink>; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Vascular Department, Surrey and Sussex Healthcare NHS Trust, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sawicka+A%22">Sawicka A</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Setacci+C%22">Setacci C</searchLink>; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zeebregts+CJ%22">Zeebregts CJ</searchLink>; Department of Surgery (Division of Vascular Surgery), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Spinelli+F%22">Spinelli F</searchLink>; Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stilo+F%22">Stilo F</searchLink>; Vascular Surgery Division, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Witte+ME%22">Witte ME</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, Nij Smellinghe Hospital, Drachten, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lanza+G%22">Lanza G</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Surgery, IRCSS MultiMedica Hospital, Castellanza, Varese, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jug+B%22">Jug B</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hendiger+W%22">Hendiger W</searchLink>; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Myrcha+J%22">Myrcha J</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, The Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Taranta+I%22">Taranta I</searchLink>; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Masovian Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Goryn+T%22">Goryn T</searchLink>; 1st Chair and Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of General, Vascular and Oncological Surgery, Masovian Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22D'Oria+M%22">D'Oria M</searchLink>; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fernandes+E+Fernandes+J%22">Fernandes E Fernandes J</searchLink>; Cardiovascular Center (CCUL), Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital da Luz Torres de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reijnen+MMPJ%22">Reijnen MMPJ</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Surgery, Rijnstate, Arnhem, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging (M3I) Group, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22di+Lazzaro+V%22">di Lazzaro V</searchLink>; Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lepidi+S%22">Lepidi S</searchLink>; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Goudot+G%22">Goudot G</searchLink>; Université Paris Cité, Vascular Medicine Department, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, APHP, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lal+BK%22">Lal BK</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Vascular Surgery, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jawien+A%22">Jawien A</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lavie+CJ%22">Lavie CJ</searchLink>; John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mackevicius+A%22">Mackevicius A</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Vascular Surgery, Republican Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baltrunas+T%22">Baltrunas T</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania; Department of Vascular Surgery, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Głowiński+J%22">Głowiński J</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Surgery and Transplantology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liapis+CD%22">Liapis CD</searchLink>; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Menyhei+G%22">Menyhei G</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Surgery, Medical University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Secemsky+EA%22">Secemsky EA</searchLink>; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stanek+A%22">Stanek A</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Diseases and Angiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Saba+L%22">Saba L</searchLink>; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Balestrieri+A%22">Balestrieri A</searchLink>; Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ferreira+J%22">Ferreira J</searchLink>; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lanza+J%22">Lanza J</searchLink>; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, University of Genoa, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Crupi+D%22">Crupi D</searchLink>; Head, Neck and Neuroscience Department, UOSD Stroke Unit, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pitha+J%22">Pitha J</searchLink>; Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pecoraro+F%22">Pecoraro F</searchLink>; Vascular Surgery Unit, AOUP Policlinico 'P. Giaccone', Palermo, Italy; Department of Precision Medicine in Medical, Surgical and Critical Care, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Setacci+F%22">Setacci F</searchLink>; Vascular Surgery Unit, Kore University of Enna, Enna, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Svetlikov+A%22">Svetlikov A</searchLink>; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, North-Western Scientific Clinical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Department of Hospital Surgery, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gurevich+VS%22">Gurevich VS</searchLink>; Center of Atherosclerosis and Lipid Disorders, Lab of Microangiopathic Mechanisms of Atherogenesis, Saint-Petersburg State University, Mechnikov's Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Silvestrini+M%22">Silvestrini M</searchLink>; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pilato+F%22">Pilato F</searchLink>; Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schneider+PA%22">Schneider PA</searchLink>; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22White+CJ%22">White CJ</searchLink>; Department of Medicine and Cardiology, The John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, New Orleans, LA; The Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reiff+T%22">Reiff T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Study Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gargiulo+M%22">Gargiulo M</searchLink>; Section of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Bologna, Italy; Vascular Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Faggioli+G%22">Faggioli G</searchLink>; Section of Vascular Surgery, IRCCS Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Bologna, Italy; Vascular Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chaturvedi+S%22">Chaturvedi S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Stroke Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Malas+MB%22">Malas MB</searchLink>; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego CA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Perler+BA%22">Perler BA</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, The John Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dardik+A%22">Dardik A</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nicolaides+AN%22">Nicolaides AN</searchLink>; Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Center, Nicosia, Cyprus; University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Poredos+P%22">Poredos P</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hicks+CW%22">Hicks CW</searchLink>; Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: 2026 Mar
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1558-4518
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 39
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Seminars in vascular surgery
              Type: main
ResultId 1