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The psychology of offensive and defensive intergroup violence: Preregistered insights from 58 countries.

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Title: The psychology of offensive and defensive intergroup violence: Preregistered insights from 58 countries.
Authors: Kunst JR; Department of Communication and Culture, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo 0484, Norway., Besta T; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland., Jaśkiewicz M; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland., Gajda AN; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland., Sanden M; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway., Flatebø MM; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway., Adebayo SO; Department of Psychology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria., Adonis M; Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus., Agyemang CB; Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra LG 25, Ghana., Boateng RA; Division of Social Sciences, Humanities and Design, College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, CPCE, Hong Kong, China., Akfirat SA; Department of Psychology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, Turkey., Al-Adawi S; Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman., Ambrosio C; Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta 81100, Italy., Anjum G; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway.; Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland., Aruta JJBR; Department of Psychology, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines., Austers I; Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga LV-1586, Latvia., Barry O; Department of Psychology, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 5005, Senegal., Bastian B; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia., Becker M; Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31058, France., Bender M; Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg 5037 AB, Netherlands., Benningstad NCG; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway., Borinca I; Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712 CP, Nederlands., Celikkol G; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland., Čeněk J; Department of Social Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic., Chaleeraktrakoon T; Department of Psychology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand., Chobthamkit P; Department of Psychology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand., Choi HS; Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, South Korea., Choi S; Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada., Ciordas P; Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1053, Hungary., Coenen AC; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway., Cupta A; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland., de Zoysa P; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka., Dhakal S; Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal., Duncan LE; Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063., Elcil T; Department of Psychology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, Turkey., Eskiili B; Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gedik University, Istanbul 34876, Turkey., Etchezahar E; Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain., Franc R; Department of Psychology, Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb 10000, Croatia., Galdi S; Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta 81100, Italy., Garvanova M; Department of Information Systems and Technologies, University of Library Studies and Information Technologies, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria., Gill P; Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom., Gnisci A; Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta 81100, Italy., Gómez A; Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid 28040, Spain., Gómez Yepes T; Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain., Grossmann I; Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.; African Centre for Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa., Haines EA; College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia., Haka F; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana 1001, Albania., Hameiri B; Program in Conflict Management and Mediation, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel., Hamzah I; Department of Community Guidance, Politeknik Pengayoman Indonesia, Depok 16514, Indonesia., Helmy M; Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman., Imhoff R; Department of Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55122, Germany., Kamble S; Department of Psychology, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad 580003, India., Kazarovytska F; Department of Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55122, Germany., Kende A; Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1053, Hungary., Khachatryan N; Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia., Kimel SY; Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096., Klein JW; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.; Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China., Komisarof A; Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan., Lacko D; Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic., Lajunen TJ; Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus.; Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.; Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland., Lášticová B; Institute for Research in Social Communication, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovakia., López-Calle C; Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador., López-López W; Faculty of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia., Kalebić Maglica B; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia., Malinauskas R; Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas 44221, Lithuania., Manusyan S; Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia., Martskvishvili K; Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhisvhili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia., Messanga GA; Department of Philosophy-Psychology-Sociology, University of Dschang, Dschang B.P. 94, Cameroon., Miklikowska M; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden.; Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö 351 95, Sweden., Minic J; Department of Psychology, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica 38220, Serbia., Mohorić T; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia., Mottola F; Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta 81100, Italy., Mula S; Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy., Musso P; Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70122, Italy., Ndiaye DG; Department of Psychology, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 5005, Senegal., Neto F; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal., Neto J; Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Universidade Portucalense, Porto 4200-072, Portugal., Ngom Dieng L; Department of Psychology, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 5005, Senegal., Obioma IF; Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany., Olonisakin TT; Department of Psychology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria.; Department of Health Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg 20099, Germany.; Lifestyle Diseases Research Entity, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng 2735, South Africa., Ozer S; Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark., Panagiotopoulou P; Department of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, Patras 265 04, Greece., Pastwa-Wojciechowska B; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland., Pavlopoulos V; Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 72, Greece., Pavlović T; Department of Psychology, Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb 10000, Croatia., Petrovska I; Department of Psychology, Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Lviv 79000, Ukraine., Piotrowski A; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland., Poslon XD; Institute for Research in Social Communication, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovakia., Pummerer L; Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany., Raina M; Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India., Ramos-Diaz J; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Lima 15082, Peru., Robertsson V; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden., Rottweiler B; National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, and Education Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182., Sam DL; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway., Scardigno R; Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70122, Italy., Schulmeyer MK; Department of Psychology, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia., Stefaniak A; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, United Kingdom., Studzinska A; Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31058, France.; Department of Humanities, Icam School of Engineering, Toulouse campus, Toulouse 31300, France., Sullman MJM; Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus., Szulc M; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland., Nemboué WT; Department of Philosophy-Psychology-Sociology, University of Dschang, Dschang B.P. 94, Cameroon., Tair E; Department of Psychology, Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria., Tausch N; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, United Kingdom., Thagunna NS; Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal., Thomas EF; College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia., Ungaretti J; Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain., Van Laar C; Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium., Vazne Ž; Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia., Vázquez A; Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid 28040, Spain., Villanueva-Alvarado J; Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima 15088, Peru., Wlodarczyk A; School of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile., Yogeeswaran K; Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand., Obaidi M; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark.
Source: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Mar 31; Vol. 123 (13), pp. e2535665123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 24.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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DbLabel: MEDLINE Ultimate
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: The psychology of offensive and defensive intergroup violence: Preregistered insights from 58 countries.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kunst+JR%22">Kunst JR</searchLink>; Department of Communication and Culture, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo 0484, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Besta+T%22">Besta T</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jaśkiewicz+M%22">Jaśkiewicz M</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gajda+AN%22">Gajda AN</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanden+M%22">Sanden M</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Flatebø+MM%22">Flatebø MM</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Adebayo+SO%22">Adebayo SO</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Adonis+M%22">Adonis M</searchLink>; Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Agyemang+CB%22">Agyemang CB</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra LG 25, Ghana.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boateng+RA%22">Boateng RA</searchLink>; Division of Social Sciences, Humanities and Design, College of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, CPCE, Hong Kong, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Akfirat+SA%22">Akfirat SA</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Adawi+S%22">Al-Adawi S</searchLink>; Department of Behavioral Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ambrosio+C%22">Ambrosio C</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta 81100, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Anjum+G%22">Anjum G</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway.; Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aruta+JJBR%22">Aruta JJBR</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Austers+I%22">Austers I</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Latvia, Riga LV-1586, Latvia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barry+O%22">Barry O</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 5005, Senegal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bastian+B%22">Bastian B</searchLink>; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Becker+M%22">Becker M</searchLink>; Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31058, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bender+M%22">Bender M</searchLink>; Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg 5037 AB, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Benningstad+NCG%22">Benningstad NCG</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Borinca+I%22">Borinca I</searchLink>; Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9712 CP, Nederlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Celikkol+G%22">Celikkol G</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Čeněk+J%22">Čeněk J</searchLink>; Department of Social Studies, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chaleeraktrakoon+T%22">Chaleeraktrakoon T</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chobthamkit+P%22">Chobthamkit P</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Choi+HS%22">Choi HS</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, South Korea.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Choi+S%22">Choi S</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ciordas+P%22">Ciordas P</searchLink>; Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1053, Hungary.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Coenen+AC%22">Coenen AC</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo 0315, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cupta+A%22">Cupta A</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22de+Zoysa+P%22">de Zoysa P</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, University of Colombo, Colombo 00800, Sri Lanka.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dhakal+S%22">Dhakal S</searchLink>; Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Duncan+LE%22">Duncan LE</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Elcil+T%22">Elcil T</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Eskiili+B%22">Eskiili B</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Istanbul Gedik University, Istanbul 34876, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Etchezahar+E%22">Etchezahar E</searchLink>; Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Franc+R%22">Franc R</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Galdi+S%22">Galdi S</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta 81100, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Garvanova+M%22">Garvanova M</searchLink>; Department of Information Systems and Technologies, University of Library Studies and Information Technologies, Sofia 1784, Bulgaria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gill+P%22">Gill P</searchLink>; Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, London WC1H 9EZ, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gnisci+A%22">Gnisci A</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta 81100, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gómez+A%22">Gómez A</searchLink>; Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid 28040, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gómez+Yepes+T%22">Gómez Yepes T</searchLink>; Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grossmann+I%22">Grossmann I</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.; African Centre for Epistemology and Philosophy of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Haines+EA%22">Haines EA</searchLink>; College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Haka+F%22">Haka F</searchLink>; Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana 1001, Albania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hameiri+B%22">Hameiri B</searchLink>; Program in Conflict Management and Mediation, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hamzah+I%22">Hamzah I</searchLink>; Department of Community Guidance, Politeknik Pengayoman Indonesia, Depok 16514, Indonesia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Helmy+M%22">Helmy M</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, College of Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Imhoff+R%22">Imhoff R</searchLink>; Department of Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55122, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kamble+S%22">Kamble S</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Karnatak University Dharwad, Dharwad 580003, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kazarovytska+F%22">Kazarovytska F</searchLink>; Department of Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55122, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kende+A%22">Kende A</searchLink>; Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1053, Hungary.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khachatryan+N%22">Khachatryan N</searchLink>; Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kimel+SY%22">Kimel SY</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA 92096.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Klein+JW%22">Klein JW</searchLink>; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia.; Hong Kong Institute of Asia-Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Komisarof+A%22">Komisarof A</searchLink>; Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lacko+D%22">Lacko D</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lajunen+TJ%22">Lajunen TJ</searchLink>; Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus.; Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway.; Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lášticová+B%22">Lášticová B</searchLink>; Institute for Research in Social Communication, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 841 04, Slovakia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22López-Calle+C%22">López-Calle C</searchLink>; Faculty of Psychology, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22López-López+W%22">López-López W</searchLink>; Faculty of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110231, Colombia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kalebić+Maglica+B%22">Kalebić Maglica B</searchLink>; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Malinauskas+R%22">Malinauskas R</searchLink>; Department of Health, Physical and Social Education, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas 44221, Lithuania.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Manusyan+S%22">Manusyan S</searchLink>; Faculty of Philosophy and Psychology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0025, Armenia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Martskvishvili+K%22">Martskvishvili K</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ivane Javakhisvhili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Messanga+GA%22">Messanga GA</searchLink>; Department of Philosophy-Psychology-Sociology, University of Dschang, Dschang B.P. 94, Cameroon.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Miklikowska+M%22">Miklikowska M</searchLink>; Institute for Globally Distributed Open Research and Education, Gothenburg 413 90, Sweden.; Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University, Växjö 351 95, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Minic+J%22">Minic J</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Priština, Kosovska Mitrovica 38220, Serbia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mohorić+T%22">Mohorić T</searchLink>; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Rijeka, Rijeka 51000, Croatia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mottola+F%22">Mottola F</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Caserta 81100, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mula+S%22">Mula S</searchLink>; Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari 09124, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Musso+P%22">Musso P</searchLink>; Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70122, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ndiaye+DG%22">Ndiaye DG</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 5005, Senegal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Neto+F%22">Neto F</searchLink>; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto 4099-002, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Neto+J%22">Neto J</searchLink>; Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Universidade Portucalense, Porto 4200-072, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ngom+Dieng+L%22">Ngom Dieng L</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar 5005, Senegal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Obioma+IF%22">Obioma IF</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60323, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Olonisakin+TT%22">Olonisakin TT</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti 360101, Nigeria.; Department of Health Sciences, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg 20099, Germany.; Lifestyle Diseases Research Entity, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng 2735, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ozer+S%22">Ozer S</searchLink>; Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Panagiotopoulou+P%22">Panagiotopoulou P</searchLink>; Department of Educational Sciences and Social Work, University of Patras, Patras 265 04, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pastwa-Wojciechowska+B%22">Pastwa-Wojciechowska B</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pavlopoulos+V%22">Pavlopoulos V</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 72, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pavlović+T%22">Pavlović T</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Petrovska+I%22">Petrovska I</searchLink>; 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Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rottweiler+B%22">Rottweiler B</searchLink>; National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, and Education Center, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68182.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sam+DL%22">Sam DL</searchLink>; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Scardigno+R%22">Scardigno R</searchLink>; Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70122, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schulmeyer+MK%22">Schulmeyer MK</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Universidad Privada de Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stefaniak+A%22">Stefaniak A</searchLink>; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Studzinska+A%22">Studzinska A</searchLink>; Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse 31058, France.; Department of Humanities, Icam School of Engineering, Toulouse campus, Toulouse 31300, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sullman+MJM%22">Sullman MJM</searchLink>; Department of Social Sciences, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 2417, Cyprus.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Szulc+M%22">Szulc M</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk 80-309, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nemboué+WT%22">Nemboué WT</searchLink>; Department of Philosophy-Psychology-Sociology, University of Dschang, Dschang B.P. 94, Cameroon.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tair+E%22">Tair E</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tausch+N%22">Tausch N</searchLink>; School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, United Kingdom.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thagunna+NS%22">Thagunna NS</searchLink>; Central Department of Psychology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 44618, Nepal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thomas+EF%22">Thomas EF</searchLink>; College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide SA 5042, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ungaretti+J%22">Ungaretti J</searchLink>; Department of Evolutionary Psychology and Education, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+Laar+C%22">Van Laar C</searchLink>; Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven 3000, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vazne+Ž%22">Vazne Ž</searchLink>; Department of Health Psychology and Paedagogy, Riga Stradins University, Riga LV-1007, Latvia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vázquez+A%22">Vázquez A</searchLink>; Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid 28040, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Villanueva-Alvarado+J%22">Villanueva-Alvarado J</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima 15088, Peru.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wlodarczyk+A%22">Wlodarczyk A</searchLink>; School of Psychology, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yogeeswaran+K%22">Yogeeswaran K</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Obaidi+M%22">Obaidi M</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227505876%22">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</searchLink> [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Mar 31; Vol. 123 (13), pp. e2535665123. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Mar 24.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22National+Academy+of+Sciences%22">National Academy of Sciences </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>7505876 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1091-6490 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200278424%22">00278424 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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            – D: 31
              M: 03
              Text: 2026 Mar 31
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1091-6490
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 123
            – Type: issue
              Value: 13
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
              Type: main
ResultId 1