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Preserving Neurological Function in People at High and Low Risk of Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Cohort Study.

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Title: Preserving Neurological Function in People at High and Low Risk of Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Cohort Study.
Authors: Roos I; Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, L7 635 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia., Sharmin S; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia., Ozakbas S; Medical Point Hospital, Izmir University of Economics, Konak/Izmir, Turkey.; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association, Izmir, Turkey., Alroughani R; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait., Eichau S; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain., Grand'Maison F; Neuro Rive-Sud, Greenfield Park, QC, Canada., Boz C; Department of Neurology, KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey., Lechner-Scott J; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.; Hunter New England Health, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia., Buzzard K; Department of Neurosciences, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Australia., Prat A; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada., Khoury SJ; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon., Grammond P; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache, Levis, Canada., van der Walt A; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Blanco Y; Service of Neurology, Center of Neuroimmunology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Foschi M; Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy.; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy., Soysal A; Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey., Barnett M; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia., Prevost J; CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome, Canada., Terzi M; Medical Faculty, 19 Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey., Gerlach O; Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands., Macdonell R; Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia., Sa MJ; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal.; FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal., Spitaleri D; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino, Italy., Laureys G; Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium., van Pesch V; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.; Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium., John N; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia., Cartechini E; Neurology Unit, P O Unico Macerata, AST Macerata, Macerata, Italy., Gouider R; Department of Neurology, LR 18SP03, Clinical Investigation Centre Neurosciences and Mental Health, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia., Maimone D; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera per l'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy., Ramo-Tello C; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain., Hodgkinson S; Immune Tolerance Laboratory, Ingham Institute and Department of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia., Slee M; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia., McCombe P; Department of Neurology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Garber J; Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia., Sanchez-Menoyo JL; Department of Neurology, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain.; Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain., Al-Asmi A; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman., Kermode AG; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia., Lapointe E; Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada., Shaygannejad V; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran., Van Wijmeersch B; University MS Centre, Hasselt/Pelt, Belgium.; Noorderhart, Rehabilitation and MS, Pelt and Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium., Willekens B; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.; Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium., Castillo-Triviño T; Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain., Taylor B; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia.; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia., Mathey G; Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France.; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France., Le Page E; Pontchaillou, CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes, France., De Seze J; Department of Neurology, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.; INSERM 1434, Strasbourg, France., Ruet A; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France., Clavelou P; Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.; Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France., Berger E; Service de Neurologie, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France., Zephir H; CHU Lille, CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, Lille, France., Kwiatkowski A; GHICL, Department of Neurology, Université catholique de Lille, Lille, France., Pelletier J; Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France., Moreau T; Department of Neurology, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France., Labauge P; Neurology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France., Ciron J; Department of Neurology, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.; Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France., Lebrun-Frenay C; CRCSEP, Service de Neurologie, Université Nice Cote d'Azur, Nice, France., Papeix C; Department of Neurology, Fondation Rotschild, 75000, Paris, France., Defer G; Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France., Laplaud DA; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, CIC INSERM 1413, Service de Neurologie, 44000, Nantes, France., Thouvenot E; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Nimes, Nimes, France.; CESP, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France., Stankoff B; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75000, Paris, France., Maillart E; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France., Al-Khedr A; Department of Neurology, CHU d'Amiens, 80000, Amiens, France., Bourre B; Department of Neurology, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France., Casez O; CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Neurology, Neurology MS Clinic Grenoble, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, La Tronche T-RAIG, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Alpes University, 38700, Grenoble, France., Dos Santos A; Department of Neurology, CHU La Milétrie, Hôpital Jean Bernard, 86000, Poitiers, France., Camdessanche JP; Department of Neurology, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France., Hankiewicz K; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis, 93200, Saint-Denis, France., Wahab A; Department of Neurology, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000, Créteil, France., Cabre P; Department of Neurology, CHU de la Martinique, 97200, Fort-de-France, France., Heinzlef O; Hôpital de Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Poissy, France., Pottier C; Department of Neurology, CH de Pontoise, Hôpital René Dubos, Pontoise, France., Moulin S; Department of neurology, CHU de Reims, CRC-SEP, 51092, Reims Cedex, France., Magy L; Department of Neurology, CHU de Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren, 87000, Limoges, France., Labeyrie C; Department of neurology, CHU Bicêtre, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France., Doghri I; Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology, CHU de Tours, 37000, Tours, France., Vukusic S; Service de Neurologie, sclérose en plaques, pathologies de la myéline et neuro-inflammation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm 1028, Lyon, France.; University of Lyon, Lyon, France.; Eugène Devic EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis, Lyon, France., Kalincik T; Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, L7 635 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. tomas.kalincik@unimelb.edu.au.; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. tomas.kalincik@unimelb.edu.au.
Corporate Authors: MSBase and OFSEP Study Groups
Source: CNS drugs [CNS Drugs] 2026 Jul; Vol. 40 (7), pp. 1011-1025. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 04.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Observational Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Adis, Springer International Country of Publication: New Zealand NLM ID: 9431220 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1179-1934 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 11727047 NLM ISO Abbreviation: CNS Drugs Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Preserving Neurological Function in People at High and Low Risk of Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Cohort Study.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Roos+I%22">Roos I</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, L7 635 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sharmin+S%22">Sharmin S</searchLink>; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ozakbas+S%22">Ozakbas S</searchLink>; Medical Point Hospital, Izmir University of Economics, Konak/Izmir, Turkey.; Multiple Sclerosis Research Association, Izmir, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alroughani+R%22">Alroughani R</searchLink>; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq, Kuwait.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Eichau+S%22">Eichau S</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grand'Maison+F%22">Grand'Maison F</searchLink>; Neuro Rive-Sud, Greenfield Park, QC, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boz+C%22">Boz C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, KTU Medical Faculty Farabi Hospital, Trabzon, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lechner-Scott+J%22">Lechner-Scott J</searchLink>; Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.; Hunter New England Health, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Buzzard+K%22">Buzzard K</searchLink>; Department of Neurosciences, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prat+A%22">Prat A</searchLink>; CHUM MS Center and Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khoury+SJ%22">Khoury SJ</searchLink>; Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Grammond+P%22">Grammond P</searchLink>; CISSS Chaudière-Appalache, Levis, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+der+Walt+A%22">van der Walt A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blanco+Y%22">Blanco Y</searchLink>; Service of Neurology, Center of Neuroimmunology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Foschi+M%22">Foschi M</searchLink>; Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, MS Center, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna, Italy.; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Soysal+A%22">Soysal A</searchLink>; Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barnett+M%22">Barnett M</searchLink>; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Prevost+J%22">Prevost J</searchLink>; CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Terzi+M%22">Terzi M</searchLink>; Medical Faculty, 19 Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gerlach+O%22">Gerlach O</searchLink>; Academic MS Center Zuyd, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen, Netherlands.; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Macdonell+R%22">Macdonell R</searchLink>; Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sa+MJ%22">Sa MJ</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto, Portugal.; FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Spitaleri+D%22">Spitaleri D</searchLink>; Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Laureys+G%22">Laureys G</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+Pesch+V%22">van Pesch V</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.; Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22John+N%22">John N</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.; Department of Neurology, Monash Health, Clayton, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cartechini+E%22">Cartechini E</searchLink>; Neurology Unit, P O Unico Macerata, AST Macerata, Macerata, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gouider+R%22">Gouider R</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, LR 18SP03, Clinical Investigation Centre Neurosciences and Mental Health, Razi University Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia.; Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maimone+D%22">Maimone D</searchLink>; Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, Azienda Ospedaliera per l'Emergenza Cannizzaro, Catania, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramo-Tello+C%22">Ramo-Tello C</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hodgkinson+S%22">Hodgkinson S</searchLink>; Immune Tolerance Laboratory, Ingham Institute and Department of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Slee+M%22">Slee M</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McCombe+P%22">McCombe P</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Garber+J%22">Garber J</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sanchez-Menoyo+JL%22">Sanchez-Menoyo JL</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao, Spain.; Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Asmi+A%22">Al-Asmi A</searchLink>; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khodh, Oman.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kermode+AG%22">Kermode AG</searchLink>; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia.; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lapointe+E%22">Lapointe E</searchLink>; Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shaygannejad+V%22">Shaygannejad V</searchLink>; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+Wijmeersch+B%22">Van Wijmeersch B</searchLink>; University MS Centre, Hasselt/Pelt, Belgium.; Noorderhart, Rehabilitation and MS, Pelt and Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Willekens+B%22">Willekens B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.; Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.; Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Castillo-Triviño+T%22">Castillo-Triviño T</searchLink>; Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Taylor+B%22">Taylor B</searchLink>; Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia.; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mathey+G%22">Mathey G</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France.; Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, Nancy, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Le+Page+E%22">Le Page E</searchLink>; Pontchaillou, CIC1414 INSERM, Rennes, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22De+Seze+J%22">De Seze J</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.; INSERM 1434, Strasbourg, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ruet+A%22">Ruet A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Clavelou+P%22">Clavelou P</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France.; Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm, Neuro-Dol, Clermont-Ferrand, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Berger+E%22">Berger E</searchLink>; Service de Neurologie, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zephir+H%22">Zephir H</searchLink>; CHU Lille, CRCSEP Lille, Univ Lille, Lille, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kwiatkowski+A%22">Kwiatkowski A</searchLink>; GHICL, Department of Neurology, Université catholique de Lille, Lille, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pelletier+J%22">Pelletier J</searchLink>; Aix Marseille Univ, APHM, Hôpital de la Timone, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Marseille, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moreau+T%22">Moreau T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU de Dijon, Dijon, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Labauge+P%22">Labauge P</searchLink>; Neurology Department, Montpellier University Hospital, Montpellier, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ciron+J%22">Ciron J</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.; Université de Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, Toulouse, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lebrun-Frenay+C%22">Lebrun-Frenay C</searchLink>; CRCSEP, Service de Neurologie, Université Nice Cote d'Azur, Nice, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Papeix+C%22">Papeix C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Fondation Rotschild, 75000, Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Defer+G%22">Defer G</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Laplaud+DA%22">Laplaud DA</searchLink>; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, CIC INSERM 1413, Service de Neurologie, 44000, Nantes, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thouvenot+E%22">Thouvenot E</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Nimes, Nimes, France.; CESP, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stankoff+B%22">Stankoff B</searchLink>; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Inserm UMR S 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, and Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, 75000, Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Maillart+E%22">Maillart E</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Khedr+A%22">Al-Khedr A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU d'Amiens, 80000, Amiens, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bourre+B%22">Bourre B</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Casez+O%22">Casez O</searchLink>; CHU Grenoble Alpes, Department of Neurology, Neurology MS Clinic Grenoble, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, La Tronche T-RAIG, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble Alpes University, 38700, Grenoble, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dos+Santos+A%22">Dos Santos A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU La Milétrie, Hôpital Jean Bernard, 86000, Poitiers, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Camdessanche+JP%22">Camdessanche JP</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hankiewicz+K%22">Hankiewicz K</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Hôpital Pierre Delafontaine, Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Denis, 93200, Saint-Denis, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wahab+A%22">Wahab A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, APHP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94000, Créteil, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cabre+P%22">Cabre P</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU de la Martinique, 97200, Fort-de-France, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Heinzlef+O%22">Heinzlef O</searchLink>; Hôpital de Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Poissy, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pottier+C%22">Pottier C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CH de Pontoise, Hôpital René Dubos, Pontoise, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moulin+S%22">Moulin S</searchLink>; Department of neurology, CHU de Reims, CRC-SEP, 51092, Reims Cedex, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Magy+L%22">Magy L</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, CHU de Limoges, Hôpital Dupuytren, 87000, Limoges, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Labeyrie+C%22">Labeyrie C</searchLink>; Department of neurology, CHU Bicêtre, 94275, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Doghri+I%22">Doghri I</searchLink>; Hôpital Bretonneau, CRC SEP and Department of Neurology, CHU de Tours, 37000, Tours, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vukusic+S%22">Vukusic S</searchLink>; Service de Neurologie, sclérose en plaques, pathologies de la myéline et neuro-inflammation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.; Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Inserm 1028, Lyon, France.; University of Lyon, Lyon, France.; Eugène Devic EDMUS Foundation Against Multiple Sclerosis, Lyon, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kalincik+T%22">Kalincik T</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, L7 635 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia. tomas.kalincik@unimelb.edu.au.; CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. tomas.kalincik@unimelb.edu.au.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229431220%22">CNS drugs</searchLink> [CNS Drugs] 2026 Jul; Vol. 40 (7), pp. 1011-1025. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 04.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Adis%2C+Springer+International%22">Adis, Springer International </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>New Zealand <i>NLM ID: </i>9431220 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1179-1934 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2211727047%22">11727047 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>CNS Drugs <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s40263-026-01287-8
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 1011
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      – TitleFull: Preserving Neurological Function in People at High and Low Risk of Aggressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Observational Cohort Study.
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          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 07
              Text: 2026 Jul
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1179-1934
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              Value: 40
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            – TitleFull: CNS drugs
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