Identifying virulent avian paramyxovirus type-1: A paediatric case of progressive encephalitis diagnosed by clinical metagenomics with case series review.

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Title: Identifying virulent avian paramyxovirus type-1: A paediatric case of progressive encephalitis diagnosed by clinical metagenomics with case series review.
Authors: Brown JR; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Ross CS; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., Worth A; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK., Merve A; Department of Neurosciences, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK., Storey N; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Hacohen Y; Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Mankad K; Paediatric neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Kaliakatsos M; Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Shendi HM; Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, United Arab Emirates and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates., Atkinson L; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Gilmour K; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK., Hatcher J; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK., Lennon A; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Bamford A; Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK., Kusters M; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK., Elfeky R; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK., Núñe A; Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., Brown IH; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Newcastle disease virus and Swine Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., Reid SM; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., Cooper J; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., Byrne AMP; Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., James J; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Newcastle disease virus and Swine Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., Lean FZ; Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., Banyard AC; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Newcastle disease virus and Swine Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK., Breuer J; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
Source: IDCases [IDCases] 2026 Mar 25; Vol. 44, pp. e02555. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 25 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Case Reports; Journal Article
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Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mankad+K%22">Mankad K</searchLink>; Paediatric neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kaliakatsos+M%22">Kaliakatsos M</searchLink>; Paediatric Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shendi+HM%22">Shendi HM</searchLink>; Department of Pediatrics, Tawam Hospital, United Arab Emirates and College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Atkinson+L%22">Atkinson L</searchLink>; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gilmour+K%22">Gilmour K</searchLink>; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hatcher+J%22">Hatcher J</searchLink>; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lennon+A%22">Lennon A</searchLink>; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bamford+A%22">Bamford A</searchLink>; Infectious Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kusters+M%22">Kusters M</searchLink>; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Elfeky+R%22">Elfeky R</searchLink>; Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Núñe+A%22">Núñe A</searchLink>; Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brown+IH%22">Brown IH</searchLink>; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Newcastle disease virus and Swine Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reid+SM%22">Reid SM</searchLink>; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cooper+J%22">Cooper J</searchLink>; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Byrne+AMP%22">Byrne AMP</searchLink>; Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22James+J%22">James J</searchLink>; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Newcastle disease virus and Swine Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lean+FZ%22">Lean FZ</searchLink>; Department of Pathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Banyard+AC%22">Banyard AC</searchLink>; Influenza and Avian Virology Workgroup, Virology Department, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.; WOAH/FAO International Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza, Newcastle disease virus and Swine Influenza, Animal and Plant Health Agency, New Haw, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Breuer+J%22">Breuer J</searchLink>; Microbiology, Virology and Infection Prevention & Control, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.; Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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