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Rapid expansion of genotype D1.1 A(H5N1) influenza viruses in wild birds across North America during the 2024 migratory season.

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Title: Rapid expansion of genotype D1.1 A(H5N1) influenza viruses in wild birds across North America during the 2024 migratory season.
Authors: Harrington WN; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA., Signore A; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada., Kercher L; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA., Giacinti JA; Science and Technology Branch, Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada., Kandeil A; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.; Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt., Ahlstrom CA; Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK, USA., Bevins S; Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA., Crossley B; California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA., Eure K; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA., Fabrizio TP; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA., Jeevan T; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA., Lenoch J; Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA., Nolting JM; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Rejmanek D; California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA., Stallknecht D; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA., Bollinger T; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada., Buck EJ; Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK, USA., Carter D; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA., Cohen BS; Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA., Dilione KE; Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Fort Collins, CO, USA., Feddersen JC; Migratory Gamebird Program, Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency, Nashville, TN, USA., Franks J; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA., Goldsmith D; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada., Highway CJ; Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA., Himsworth C; Veterinary Science and Diagnostics, Animal Health Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada., Holmes LP; Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA., Jardine C; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada., Jahid MJ; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Link P; Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA, USA., Miller L; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA., Nemeth NM; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA., Owsiany M; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Pybus M; Alberta Environment and Parks, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada., Scott LC; Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK, USA., Sharp C; Ontario Region Wildlife and Habitat Assessment Section, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Smith L; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Steelman NJ; Department of Biology, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA., Stevens B; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada., Berhane Y; National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Yohannes.Berhane@inspection.gc.ca., Torchetti M; National Veterinary Services Laboratories, US Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA. NVSL.DVL.Inquire@USDA.gov., Ramey AM; Alaska Science Center, US Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK, USA. aramey@usgs.gov., Poulson R; Southeastern Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA. rpoulson@uga.edu., Webby RJ; Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA. Richard.Webby@stjude.org.
Source: Nature medicine [Nat Med] 2026 May; Vol. 32 (5), pp. 1661-1665. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 15.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Company Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9502015 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1546-170X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10788956 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Med Subsets: MEDLINE
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