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Target Trial Emulation of Vaccine Effectiveness in 5- to 17-years-olds with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

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Title: Target Trial Emulation of Vaccine Effectiveness in 5- to 17-years-olds with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
Authors: Lei Y; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Chen J; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Wu Q; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Zhou T; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Zhang B; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Becich MJ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Bisyuk Y; University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA., Blecker S; Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA., Chrischilles EA; Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA., Christakis DA; Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA., Cowell LG; Department of Health Data Science and Biostatistics, Peter O'Donnell Jr. School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.; Department of Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA., Cummins MR; College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA., Fernandez SA; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA., Fort D; Center for Outcomes Research, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA., Gonzalez SL; Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA., Herring SJ; Program for Maternal Health Equity, Center for Health Justice and Bioethics, Departments of Population Sciences and Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Horne BD; Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA., Horowitz C; Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA., Liu M; Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Kim S; University of California, San Francisco, Division of Rheumatology, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA., Mirhaji P; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA., Mosa ASM; Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, AL, USA., Muszynski JA; Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA., Paules CI; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA., Sato AI; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska and Children's Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA., Schwenk HT; Stanford School of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Stanford, CA, USA., Sengupta S; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA., Suresh S; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh and UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Taylor BW; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA., Williams DA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., He Y; Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Morris JS; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Penn Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBI), Philadelphia, PA, USA., Jhaveri R; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA., Forrest CB; Applied Clinical Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Healthcare Management, Perelman School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA. forrestc@chop.edu., Chen Y; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ychen123@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ychen123@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.; The Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. ychen123@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.; Penn Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBI), Philadelphia, PA, USA. ychen123@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.; Penn Medicine Center for Evidence-based Practice (CEP), Philadelphia, PA, USA. ychen123@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.
Corporate Authors: RECOVER Consortium
Source: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2026 Apr 17; Vol. 17 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 17.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Target Trial Emulation of Vaccine Effectiveness in 5- to 17-years-olds with Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lei+Y%22">Lei Y</searchLink>; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+J%22">Chen J</searchLink>; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+Q%22">Wu Q</searchLink>; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+T%22">Zhou T</searchLink>; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+B%22">Zhang B</searchLink>; The Center for Health AI and Synthesis of Evidence (CHASE), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.; The Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Becich+MJ%22">Becich MJ</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bisyuk+Y%22">Bisyuk Y</searchLink>; University Medical Center New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blecker+S%22">Blecker S</searchLink>; Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chrischilles+EA%22">Chrischilles EA</searchLink>; 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