Emerging CSF and Serum Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Cytokines, MOG, GFAP, and Beyond.

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Title: Emerging CSF and Serum Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: Cytokines, MOG, GFAP, and Beyond.
Authors: Oechtering J; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany., Schaedelin SA; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland., Maleska Maceski A; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland., Stein K; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany., Genc N; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland., Einsiedler M; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland., Benkert P; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland., Willemse E; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland., Derfuss TJ; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland., Fischer-Barnicol B; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland., D'Souza M; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland., Regeniter A; Medica Laboratory, Zürich, Switzerland., Hu W; Octave Bioscience, Menlo Park, CA., Qureshi F; Octave Bioscience, Menlo Park, CA., Finkener S; Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital, Aarau, Switzerland., Mueller S; Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, University Teaching and Research Hospital, HOCH Health Ostschweiz, Switzerland., Hoepner R; Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Switzerland., Lalive PH; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.; Diagnostic Department, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland., Pot C; Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, Switzerland., Gobbi C; Neurocentre of Southern Switzerland, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Ospedale Civico, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland., Zecca C; Neurocentre of Southern Switzerland, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Ospedale Civico, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland.; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland., Roth P; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland; and., Wiendl H; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany., Lünemann JD; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Germany., Kappos L; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland., Granziera C; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Translational Imaging in Neurology (ThINk) Basel, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland., Leppert D; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland., Kuhle J; Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.; Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Switzerland.
Corporate Authors: as the Swiss MS Cohort Study
Source: Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation [Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm] 2026 May; Vol. 13 (3), pp. e200578. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 23.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101636388 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2332-7812 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23327812 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:2332-7812
DOI:10.1212/NXI.0000000000200578