Natural history of thyroid function in ageing: an individual participant data analysis of 137 488 participants from 31 prospective cohort studies.

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Title: Natural history of thyroid function in ageing: an individual participant data analysis of 137 488 participants from 31 prospective cohort studies.
Authors: Xu Y; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China., Hysaj O; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Qi X; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Feller M; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Pingitore A; National Council Research (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy., Brown SJ; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia., Ittermann T; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Iacoviello M; Cardiology Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, University Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy., Trompet S; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Han JW; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea., Schmidt B; Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany., Sgarbi JA; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília, Marília, Brazil., Valdés S; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomedica de Málaga (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain., Muendlein A; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria., Riis J; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark., Andersen S; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark., Drexel H; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein; Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Teumer A; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Dörr M; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Vanderpump MPJ; OneWelbeck Endocrinology, London, UK., Wareham N; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Vaes B; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Visser WE; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Jukema JW; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands., Imaizumi M; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan., Dullaart RPF; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands., Medici M; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Fink HA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA., Ceresini G; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Unit of Internal Medicine and Onco-Endocrinology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy., Ferrucci L; Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA., Ikram MA; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Hankey GJ; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia., Iervasi G; National Council Research (CNR), Department of Biomedical Science, Rome, Italy., Eastell R; Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK., Bauer DC; Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA., Williams GR; Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK., Boelaert K; Department of Applied Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Psaty BM; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Führer-Sakel D; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany., Bakker SJL; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands., Kiemeney LALM; Science Department IQ Health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Riksen NP; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands., Kim KW; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea., Azizi F; Endocrine Research Center and Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Völzke H; Institute for Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany., Yeap BB; University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia., Razvi S; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK., Gussekloo J; LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands., Walsh JP; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia., Bensenor IM; Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil., Mammen J; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Rodondi N; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Cappola AR; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Peeters RP; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands., Chaker L; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: l.chaker@erasmusmc.nl.
Corporate Authors: Thyroid Studies Collaboration
Source: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology [Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol] 2026 Jun; Vol. 14 (6), pp. 485-497. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 27.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: The Lancet, Diabetes & Endocrinology Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101618821 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2213-8595 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22138587 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Natural history of thyroid function in ageing: an individual participant data analysis of 137 488 participants from 31 prospective cohort studies.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xu+Y%22">Xu Y</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hysaj+O%22">Hysaj O</searchLink>; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Qi+X%22">Qi X</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Feller+M%22">Feller M</searchLink>; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pingitore+A%22">Pingitore A</searchLink>; National Council Research (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brown+SJ%22">Brown SJ</searchLink>; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ittermann+T%22">Ittermann T</searchLink>; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Iacoviello+M%22">Iacoviello M</searchLink>; Cardiology Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, University Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, Bari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Trompet+S%22">Trompet S</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; 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Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Riis+J%22">Riis J</searchLink>; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Andersen+S%22">Andersen S</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Drexel+H%22">Drexel H</searchLink>; Vorarlberg Institute for Vascular Investigation and Treatment (VIVIT), Feldkirch, Austria; Private University of the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Liechtenstein; Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Teumer+A%22">Teumer A</searchLink>; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dörr+M%22">Dörr M</searchLink>; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vanderpump+MPJ%22">Vanderpump MPJ</searchLink>; OneWelbeck Endocrinology, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wareham+N%22">Wareham N</searchLink>; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vaes+B%22">Vaes B</searchLink>; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Visser+WE%22">Visser WE</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jukema+JW%22">Jukema JW</searchLink>; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Imaizumi+M%22">Imaizumi M</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dullaart+RPF%22">Dullaart RPF</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Medici+M%22">Medici M</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fink+HA%22">Fink HA</searchLink>; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Healthcare System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ceresini+G%22">Ceresini G</searchLink>; 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Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bauer+DC%22">Bauer DC</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, and Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Williams+GR%22">Williams GR</searchLink>; Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boelaert+K%22">Boelaert K</searchLink>; Department of Applied Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Psaty+BM%22">Psaty BM</searchLink>; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Führer-Sakel+D%22">Führer-Sakel D</searchLink>; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bakker+SJL%22">Bakker SJL</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kiemeney+LALM%22">Kiemeney LALM</searchLink>; Science Department IQ Health, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Riksen+NP%22">Riksen NP</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kim+KW%22">Kim KW</searchLink>; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Azizi+F%22">Azizi F</searchLink>; Endocrine Research Center and Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Völzke+H%22">Völzke H</searchLink>; Institute for Community Medicine, Clinical Epidemiological Research, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yeap+BB%22">Yeap BB</searchLink>; University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Razvi+S%22">Razvi S</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gussekloo+J%22">Gussekloo J</searchLink>; LUMC Center for Medicine for Older People, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Walsh+JP%22">Walsh JP</searchLink>; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bensenor+IM%22">Bensenor IM</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mammen+J%22">Mammen J</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rodondi+N%22">Rodondi N</searchLink>; Institute of Primary Health Care (BIHAM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cappola+AR%22">Cappola AR</searchLink>; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Peeters+RP%22">Peeters RP</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chaker+L%22">Chaker L</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: l.chaker@erasmusmc.nl.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101618821%22">The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology</searchLink> [Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol] 2026 Jun; Vol. 14 (6), pp. 485-497. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Apr 27.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22The+Lancet%2C+Diabetes+%26+Endocrinology%22">The Lancet, Diabetes & Endocrinology </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>101618821 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2213-8595 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2222138587%22">22138587 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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            NameFull: Bakker SJL
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kiemeney LALM
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Riksen NP
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kim KW
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Azizi F
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Völzke H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Yeap BB
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Razvi S
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Gussekloo J
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Walsh JP
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Bensenor IM
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Mammen J
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rodondi N
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Cappola AR
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Peeters RP
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Chaker L
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: 2026 Jun
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2213-8595
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 14
            – Type: issue
              Value: 6
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology
              Type: main
ResultId 1