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Wastewater-based genomic surveillance reveals high-risk multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Windhoek, Namibia.

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Title: Wastewater-based genomic surveillance reveals high-risk multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Windhoek, Namibia.
Authors: Kandanda GK; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia., Musundi S; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya., Kakungu A; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya., Nangolo L; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia., Odoyo S; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya., Oclu A; Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Danso J; Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Egyir B; Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana., Ashipala L; Department of Infrastructure Water Technical Services, City of Windhoek, Namibia., Swartbooi W; Department of Infrastructure Water Technical Services, City of Windhoek, Namibia., Nsawotebba A; Department of National Health Laboratory and Diagnostic Services, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda., Ayitewala A; Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda., Githinji G; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya. Electronic address: GGithinji@kemri-wellcome.org., Onywera H; Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: do79harris@gmail.com., Mwapagha LM; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia. Electronic address: lmwapagha@nust.na.
Source: Microbial pathogenesis [Microb Pathog] 2026 Jul; Vol. 216, pp. 108551. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 11.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8606191 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-1208 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08824010 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Microb Pathog Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Wastewater-based genomic surveillance reveals high-risk multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Windhoek, Namibia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kandanda+GK%22">Kandanda GK</searchLink>; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Musundi+S%22">Musundi S</searchLink>; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kakungu+A%22">Kakungu A</searchLink>; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nangolo+L%22">Nangolo L</searchLink>; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Odoyo+S%22">Odoyo S</searchLink>; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oclu+A%22">Oclu A</searchLink>; Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Danso+J%22">Danso J</searchLink>; Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Egyir+B%22">Egyir B</searchLink>; Bacteriology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ashipala+L%22">Ashipala L</searchLink>; Department of Infrastructure Water Technical Services, City of Windhoek, Namibia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Swartbooi+W%22">Swartbooi W</searchLink>; Department of Infrastructure Water Technical Services, City of Windhoek, Namibia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nsawotebba+A%22">Nsawotebba A</searchLink>; Department of National Health Laboratory and Diagnostic Services, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ayitewala+A%22">Ayitewala A</searchLink>; Central Public Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Githinji+G%22">Githinji G</searchLink>; Epidemiology and Demography Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya. Electronic address: GGithinji@kemri-wellcome.org.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Onywera+H%22">Onywera H</searchLink>; Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Electronic address: do79harris@gmail.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mwapagha+LM%22">Mwapagha LM</searchLink>; Department of Biology, Chemistry and Physics, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia. Electronic address: lmwapagha@nust.na.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228606191%22">Microbial pathogenesis</searchLink> [Microb Pathog] 2026 Jul; Vol. 216, pp. 108551. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 May 11.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Academic+Press%22">Academic Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>8606191 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1096-1208 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2208824010%22">08824010 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Microb Pathog <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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              Text: 2026 Jul
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