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Prediction of Oswestry Disability Index and Numeric Rating Scale scores after lumbar spine surgery: machine learning model development and fairness assessment.

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Title: Prediction of Oswestry Disability Index and Numeric Rating Scale scores after lumbar spine surgery: machine learning model development and fairness assessment.
Authors: Joakimsen HL; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway., Lund JA; Machine Learning Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; DIPS AS, Bodø, Nordland, Norway., Burman J; The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway., Woldaregay AZ; Machine Learning Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway., Berg B; Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Solberg TK; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway., Ingebrigtsen T; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway tor.ingebrigtsen@unn.no.; The Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway., Mikalsen KØ; Machine Learning Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.
Source: BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2026 May 13; Vol. 16 (5), pp. e108947. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 13.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Prediction of Oswestry Disability Index and Numeric Rating Scale scores after lumbar spine surgery: machine learning model development and fairness assessment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Joakimsen+HL%22">Joakimsen HL</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lund+JA%22">Lund JA</searchLink>; Machine Learning Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; DIPS AS, Bodø, Nordland, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Burman+J%22">Burman J</searchLink>; The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Woldaregay+AZ%22">Woldaregay AZ</searchLink>; Machine Learning Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Berg+B%22">Berg B</searchLink>; Centre for Intelligent Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Oslo, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Solberg+TK%22">Solberg TK</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ingebrigtsen+T%22">Ingebrigtsen T</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway tor.ingebrigtsen@unn.no.; The Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery and the Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mikalsen+KØ%22">Mikalsen KØ</searchLink>; Machine Learning Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.; The Norwegian Centre for Clinical Artificial Intelligence, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Troms, Norway.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101552874%22">BMJ open</searchLink> [BMJ Open] 2026 May 13; Vol. 16 (5), pp. e108947. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 May 13.
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              Text: 2026 May 13
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