Multicountry assessment of tongue swabs for tuberculosis using a common protocol for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

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Title: Multicountry assessment of tongue swabs for tuberculosis using a common protocol for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.
Authors: de Vos M; FIND, Geneva, Switzerland., Le H; University of California San Francisco - Viet Nam Tuberculosis Program (UCSF-VNTP), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society (CPAS), Hanoi, Viet Nam., Marcelo D; College of Medicine, De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines., Ajide B; Zankli Research Center, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria., Alí-Francia KG; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru., Borkman AL; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Desravines R; Frontier Science Foundation, Brookline, MA, USA., Chang HT; Vietnam National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam., Dowling W; Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa., Kamulegeya L; Makerere University Biomedical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda., Marconi S; Department of Community Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India., Moe CA; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Rockman L; DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, SA MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tygerberg, South Africa., Shuma B; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia., Christopher DJ; Department of Community Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India., Hapeela N; Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa., Muyoyeta M; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia., Nakiyingi L; College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda., Theron G; DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, SA MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tygerberg, South Africa., Ugarte-Gil C; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA., Hung NV; Vietnam National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam., Luong DV; Vietnam National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam., Yu C; College of Medicine, De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines., Alland D; Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA., Denkinger CM; Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center of Infection Research, partner site Heidelberg, Germany., Ellner J; Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA., Dorman SE; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA., Kremer K; KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Hague, Netherlands., Manabe YC; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Nahid P; Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Ruhwald M; FIND, Geneva, Switzerland., Shah M; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA., Penn-Nicholson A; FIND, Geneva, Switzerland., Cattamanchi A; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: adithya.cattamanchi@ucsf.edu., Bimba JS; Zankli Research Center, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria.
Corporate Authors: FEND-TB, R2D2 TB Network, and SMART4TB/ADAPT Consortia
Source: The Lancet. Microbe [Lancet Microbe] 2026 Jun; Vol. 7 (6), pp. 101330. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 15.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Multicenter Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101769019 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2666-5247 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 26665247 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Microbe Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Multicountry assessment of tongue swabs for tuberculosis using a common protocol for Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22de+Vos+M%22">de Vos M</searchLink>; FIND, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Le+H%22">Le H</searchLink>; University of California San Francisco - Viet Nam Tuberculosis Program (UCSF-VNTP), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society (CPAS), Hanoi, Viet Nam.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marcelo+D%22">Marcelo D</searchLink>; College of Medicine, De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ajide+B%22">Ajide B</searchLink>; Zankli Research Center, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alí-Francia+KG%22">Alí-Francia KG</searchLink>; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Borkman+AL%22">Borkman AL</searchLink>; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Desravines+R%22">Desravines R</searchLink>; Frontier Science Foundation, Brookline, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chang+HT%22">Chang HT</searchLink>; Vietnam National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dowling+W%22">Dowling W</searchLink>; Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Medical Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kamulegeya+L%22">Kamulegeya L</searchLink>; Makerere University Biomedical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marconi+S%22">Marconi S</searchLink>; Department of Community Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moe+CA%22">Moe CA</searchLink>; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rockman+L%22">Rockman L</searchLink>; DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, SA MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tygerberg, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shuma+B%22">Shuma B</searchLink>; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Christopher+DJ%22">Christopher DJ</searchLink>; Department of Community Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hapeela+N%22">Hapeela N</searchLink>; Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Muyoyeta+M%22">Muyoyeta M</searchLink>; Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia (CIDRZ), Lusaka, Zambia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nakiyingi+L%22">Nakiyingi L</searchLink>; College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Theron+G%22">Theron G</searchLink>; DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, SA MRC Centre for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tygerberg, South Africa.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ugarte-Gil+C%22">Ugarte-Gil C</searchLink>; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hung+NV%22">Hung NV</searchLink>; Vietnam National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Luong+DV%22">Luong DV</searchLink>; Vietnam National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Viet Nam.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu+C%22">Yu C</searchLink>; College of Medicine, De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, Dasmariñas, Philippines.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Alland+D%22">Alland D</searchLink>; Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Denkinger+CM%22">Denkinger CM</searchLink>; Department of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center of Infection Research, partner site Heidelberg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ellner+J%22">Ellner J</searchLink>; Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dorman+SE%22">Dorman SE</searchLink>; Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kremer+K%22">Kremer K</searchLink>; KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Hague, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Manabe+YC%22">Manabe YC</searchLink>; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nahid+P%22">Nahid P</searchLink>; Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ruhwald+M%22">Ruhwald M</searchLink>; FIND, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shah+M%22">Shah M</searchLink>; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Penn-Nicholson+A%22">Penn-Nicholson A</searchLink>; FIND, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cattamanchi+A%22">Cattamanchi A</searchLink>; Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Tuberculosis, Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: adithya.cattamanchi@ucsf.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bimba+JS%22">Bimba JS</searchLink>; Zankli Research Center, Bingham University, Karu, Nigeria.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101769019%22">The Lancet. Microbe</searchLink> [Lancet Microbe] 2026 Jun; Vol. 7 (6), pp. 101330. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 May 15.
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