The need for clarity among the shadows: It is time to further refine the definition of primary graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. - Trindade AJ; Shaver CM; Demarest CT; Erasmus D; Keller BC; Langer NB; Kukreja J; Hays S; Schaheen L; Campo-Canaveral de la Cruz JL; Alonso-Moralejo R; Crowley Carrasco S; et al. (The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation, 2026)