How does AI perform compared to human expert panels in medical Delphi studies? A pilot study through the lens of pathology.

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Title: How does AI perform compared to human expert panels in medical Delphi studies? A pilot study through the lens of pathology.
Authors: Pantanowitz J; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Manko CD; Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA., Majewski J; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Berbís MA; Department of R&D, HT Médica, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Córdoba, Spain., Farris AB 3rd; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA., Karsan A; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada., Bychkov A; Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan., Luna A; Department of Integrated Diagnostics, HT Médica, Clínica Las Nieves, Jaén, Spain., Williams B; Department of Histopathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK., Delahunt B; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.; Department of Pathology - Oncology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden., Eloy C; Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal., McClintock DS; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA., Hollemans E; Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands., Tuthill JM; Pathology Informatics, Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA., Van der Laak J; Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Cheng JY; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Lennerz JK; BostonGene, Waltham, MA, USA., Sinard JH; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Aneiros-Fernandez J; Department of R&D, HT Médica, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Córdoba, Spain., Calderaro J; Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France., Iczkowski KA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA., Egevad L; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden., Kriegsmann M; Center for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany., Herrmann MD; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland., Salama ME; Department of Pathology, Sonic Healthcare, Austin, TX, USA., Del Moral RG; Department of Pathological Anatomy and History of Science, University of Granada, and Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain., Sirintrapun SJ; Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Vrbin C; Analytical Insights LLC, Allison Park, PA, USA., Pantanowitz L; Computational Pathology and AI Center of Excellence, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Shen J; Department of Pathology and Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Rashidi H; Computational Pathology and AI Center of Excellence, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Source: Journal of pathology informatics [J Pathol Inform] 2026 Apr 15; Vol. 21, pp. 100661. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 15 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101528849 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2229-5089 (Print) NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pathol Inform Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pantanowitz+J%22">Pantanowitz J</searchLink>; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Manko+CD%22">Manko CD</searchLink>; Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Majewski+J%22">Majewski J</searchLink>; Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Berbís+MA%22">Berbís MA</searchLink>; Department of R&D, HT Médica, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Farris+AB+3rd%22">Farris AB 3rd</searchLink>; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karsan+A%22">Karsan A</searchLink>; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bychkov+A%22">Bychkov A</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Luna+A%22">Luna A</searchLink>; Department of Integrated Diagnostics, HT Médica, Clínica Las Nieves, Jaén, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Williams+B%22">Williams B</searchLink>; Department of Histopathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Delahunt+B%22">Delahunt B</searchLink>; Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.; Department of Pathology - Oncology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Eloy+C%22">Eloy C</searchLink>; Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McClintock+DS%22">McClintock DS</searchLink>; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hollemans+E%22">Hollemans E</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tuthill+JM%22">Tuthill JM</searchLink>; Pathology Informatics, Department of Pathology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Van+der+Laak+J%22">Van der Laak J</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cheng+JY%22">Cheng JY</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lennerz+JK%22">Lennerz JK</searchLink>; BostonGene, Waltham, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sinard+JH%22">Sinard JH</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aneiros-Fernandez+J%22">Aneiros-Fernandez J</searchLink>; Department of R&D, HT Médica, San Juan de Dios Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Calderaro+J%22">Calderaro J</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Iczkowski+KA%22">Iczkowski KA</searchLink>; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Egevad+L%22">Egevad L</searchLink>; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kriegsmann+M%22">Kriegsmann M</searchLink>; Center for Histology, Cytology and Molecular Pathology Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Herrmann+MD%22">Herrmann MD</searchLink>; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Salama+ME%22">Salama ME</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Sonic Healthcare, Austin, TX, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Del+Moral+RG%22">Del Moral RG</searchLink>; Department of Pathological Anatomy and History of Science, University of Granada, and Institute of Biosanitary Research of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sirintrapun+SJ%22">Sirintrapun SJ</searchLink>; Department of Pathology, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vrbin+C%22">Vrbin C</searchLink>; Analytical Insights LLC, Allison Park, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pantanowitz+L%22">Pantanowitz L</searchLink>; Computational Pathology and AI Center of Excellence, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shen+J%22">Shen J</searchLink>; Department of Pathology and Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine & Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rashidi+H%22">Rashidi H</searchLink>; Computational Pathology and AI Center of Excellence, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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