Brain Structures and Cognitive Decline: Moderation Analysis of the PACt-MD Randomized Clinical Trial of Brain Stimulation Plus Cognitive Remediation in Older Adults With Remitted Depression or Mild Cognitive Impairment.

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Title: Brain Structures and Cognitive Decline: Moderation Analysis of the PACt-MD Randomized Clinical Trial of Brain Stimulation Plus Cognitive Remediation in Older Adults With Remitted Depression or Mild Cognitive Impairment.
Authors: Ho NCW; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada., Zhukovsky P; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada., Rajji TK; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (TKR), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX., Bowie CR; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry (CRB), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada., Brooks H; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada., Butters MA; Department of Psychiatry (MAB), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA., Chen Y; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada., Fischer CE; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Flint AJ; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Mental Health (AJF), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada., Herrmann N; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry (NH, KLL), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Lanctôt KL; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (KLL, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry (NH, KLL), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (KLL), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (KLL), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Lee A; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada., Mah L; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute (LM, JDR), Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada., Marawi T; Departments of Psychology and Psychological Clinical Science (TM), University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada., Pollock BG; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Ryan JD; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute (LM, JDR), Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science (JDR), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Schoer N; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada., Ma C; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Biostatistics (CM), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Voineskos AN; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Mulsant BH; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (KLL, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Royal Ottawa Hospital (BHM), Ottawa, ON, Canada. Electronic address: benoit.mulsant@utoronto.ca.
Corporate Authors: PACt-MD Study Group
Source: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry [Am J Geriatr Psychiatry] 2026 Aug; Vol. 34 (8), pp. 1005-1015. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 30.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Multicenter Study
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9309609 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1545-7214 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10647481 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Geriatr Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Brain Structures and Cognitive Decline: Moderation Analysis of the PACt-MD Randomized Clinical Trial of Brain Stimulation Plus Cognitive Remediation in Older Adults With Remitted Depression or Mild Cognitive Impairment.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ho+NCW%22">Ho NCW</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhukovsky+P%22">Zhukovsky P</searchLink>; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rajji+TK%22">Rajji TK</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry (TKR), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bowie+CR%22">Bowie CR</searchLink>; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry (CRB), Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brooks+H%22">Brooks H</searchLink>; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Butters+MA%22">Butters MA</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry (MAB), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+Y%22">Chen Y</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fischer+CE%22">Fischer CE</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Flint+AJ%22">Flint AJ</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Mental Health (AJF), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Herrmann+N%22">Herrmann N</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry (NH, KLL), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lanctôt+KL%22">Lanctôt KL</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (KLL, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Psychiatry (NH, KLL), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program (KLL), Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (KLL), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+A%22">Lee A</searchLink>; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mah+L%22">Mah L</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute (LM, JDR), Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marawi+T%22">Marawi T</searchLink>; Departments of Psychology and Psychological Clinical Science (TM), University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pollock+BG%22">Pollock BG</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ryan+JD%22">Ryan JD</searchLink>; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute (LM, JDR), Baycrest Academy for Research and Education, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Science (JDR), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schoer+N%22">Schoer N</searchLink>; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ma+C%22">Ma C</searchLink>; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Biostatistics (CM), Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Voineskos+AN%22">Voineskos AN</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mulsant+BH%22">Mulsant BH</searchLink>; Institute of Medical Science (NCWH, TKR, YC, CEF, AJF, NH, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute (NCWH, PZ, CRB, HB, YC, AL, BGP, CM, ANV, BHM), Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine (TKR, CEF, AJF, NH, KLL, LM, BGP, ANV, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance (KLL, BHM), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; The Royal Ottawa Hospital (BHM), Ottawa, ON, Canada. 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