Callus geometry as a reflection of fracture healing biology and a candidate imaging biomarker: A systematic review of biological, mechanical, and clinical evidence.

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Bibliographic Details
Title: Callus geometry as a reflection of fracture healing biology and a candidate imaging biomarker: A systematic review of biological, mechanical, and clinical evidence.
Authors: Razavi AH; Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA., Mirahmadi A; Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Jelalian A; Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Vician M; Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Rodriguez EK; Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Nazarian A; Musculoskeletal Translational Innovation Initiative, Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia. Electronic address: anazaria@bidmc.harvard.edu.
Source: Bone [Bone] 2026 Oct; Vol. 211, pp. 117953. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 27.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8504048 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2763 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18732763 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bone Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1873-2763
DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2026.117953