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Incidence, risk factors and management of paradoxical reaction in central nervous system tuberculosis in the United Kingdom.

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Title: Incidence, risk factors and management of paradoxical reaction in central nervous system tuberculosis in the United Kingdom.
Authors: Carter EC; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK. Electronic address: emma.carter4@mft.nhs.uk., Fernandez C; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK., Lim C; London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK., Bharucha T; Whittington Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Imperial College London, London, UK., Atomode A; University Hospitals of Liverpool Group NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK., Defres S; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; University Hospitals of Liverpool Group NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK., Brodsky M; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; University Hospitals of Liverpool Group NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK., Goodall J; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK., Hall J; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK., Lau E; Queen Mary & Bart's Health Tuberculosis Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK., Vail D; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK., Francis R; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK., Berry L; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK., Malkawi K; University Hospital Southampton NHS foundation Trust, Southampton, UK., Odone J; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK., Richards A; Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK., Molai M; Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK., Seager E; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK., Chan C; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK., Farrukh S; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK., Gurney R; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Price A; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Blackaby J; University Hospital of Wales, Wales, UK., Maxwell A; University Hospital of Wales, Wales, UK., Mooney C; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK., Dayalan N; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Bracchi M; Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Thompson JV; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK; Salford Royal, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK., Upton R; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK., Lawal A; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK., MacFarlane L; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK., Peel A; Salford Royal, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, UK., Olaifa A; University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK., Hale A; University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK., Reed T; University Hospital Southampton NHS foundation Trust, Southampton, UK., Kunst H; Queen Mary & Bart's Health Tuberculosis Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK., Tiberi S; Queen Mary & Bart's Health Tuberculosis Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK., Hunter M; Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Northern Ireland, UK., Dedicoat M; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK., Sharrocks K; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK., Cajic V; University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK., Wiselka M; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK., Riste M; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK., Barrera M; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK., Papineni P; London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK., Brown J; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK., Collini P; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK., Backx M; University Hospital of Wales, Wales, UK., Rosser A; University Hospital Southampton NHS foundation Trust, Southampton, UK., Lillie P; Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK., McGann H; Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand., Morton B; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; University Hospitals of Liverpool Group NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK., Walsh C; Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK., McGill F; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK; University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Source: The Journal of infection [J Infect] 2026 Jun 03; Vol. 93 (2), pp. 106778. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 03.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: W.B. Saunders Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7908424 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2742 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01634453 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Infect Subsets: MEDLINE
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Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; University Hospitals of Liverpool Group NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Goodall+J%22">Goodall J</searchLink>; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hall+J%22">Hall J</searchLink>; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lau+E%22">Lau E</searchLink>; Queen Mary & Bart's Health Tuberculosis Centre, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, QMUL, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vail+D%22">Vail D</searchLink>; University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Francis+R%22">Francis R</searchLink>; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Berry+L%22">Berry L</searchLink>; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Malkawi+K%22">Malkawi K</searchLink>; University Hospital Southampton NHS foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Odone+J%22">Odone J</searchLink>; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Richards+A%22">Richards A</searchLink>; Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Molai+M%22">Molai M</searchLink>; Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Seager+E%22">Seager E</searchLink>; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chan+C%22">Chan C</searchLink>; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Farrukh+S%22">Farrukh S</searchLink>; Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gurney+R%22">Gurney R</searchLink>; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Price+A%22">Price A</searchLink>; 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