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Spinal cord stimulation for upper limb motor function in people with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis: a feasibility trial.

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Title: Spinal cord stimulation for upper limb motor function in people with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis: a feasibility trial.
Authors: de Freitas RM; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Bhatia S; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Sorensen E; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Verma N; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; NeuroMechatronics Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Carranza E; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Ensel S; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Borda L; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; NeuroMechatronics Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Boos A; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Goldsmith J; Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA., Fisher LE; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Fields DP; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Powell MP; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Gordon S; Procirca Center for Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Balzer J; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Friedlander RM; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Wittenberg GF; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; HERL, TECH-GRECC, Veteran Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Gerszten PC; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Krakauer JW; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; The Sante Fe Institute, Sante Fe, NM, USA., Pirondini E; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Weber DJ; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dougweber@cmu.edu.; NeuroMechatronics Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dougweber@cmu.edu.; The Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dougweber@cmu.edu., Capogrosso M; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.
Source: Nature medicine [Nat Med] 2026 Jul; Vol. 32 (7), pp. 2579-2590. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 04.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Clinical Trial
Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Publishing Company Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9502015 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1546-170X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10788956 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Med Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22de+Freitas+RM%22">de Freitas RM</searchLink>; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bhatia+S%22">Bhatia S</searchLink>; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sorensen+E%22">Sorensen E</searchLink>; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Verma+N%22">Verma N</searchLink>; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; NeuroMechatronics Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Carranza+E%22">Carranza E</searchLink>; 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Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fisher+LE%22">Fisher LE</searchLink>; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fields+DP%22">Fields DP</searchLink>; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Powell+MP%22">Powell MP</searchLink>; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gordon+S%22">Gordon S</searchLink>; 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Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Krakauer+JW%22">Krakauer JW</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.; The Sante Fe Institute, Sante Fe, NM, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pirondini+E%22">Pirondini E</searchLink>; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.; University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Weber+DJ%22">Weber DJ</searchLink>; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dougweber@cmu.edu.; NeuroMechatronics Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dougweber@cmu.edu.; The Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. dougweber@cmu.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Capogrosso+M%22">Capogrosso M</searchLink>; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.; Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. mcapo@pitt.edu.
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