Adjunctive transcranial DC stimulation in the management of refractory drug-resistant focal epilepsy in POLG mitochondrial disease: A case series.

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Title: Adjunctive transcranial DC stimulation in the management of refractory drug-resistant focal epilepsy in POLG mitochondrial disease: A case series.
Authors: Bangel KA; Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Computing, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. Electronic address: katrin.bangel@ncl.ac.uk., Ng Y; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK., Lim A; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK., Thomas NJP; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK., Jaiser SR; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK., Lai HM; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK., Gorman GS; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK., Thomas RR; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK., Turnbull DM; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK., Ramesh V; Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK., Schaefer AM; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK., McFarland R; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK., Baker MR; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
Source: Seizure [Seizure] 2026 May 09. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 09.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9306979 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2688 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10591311 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Seizure Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Adjunctive transcranial DC stimulation in the management of refractory drug-resistant focal epilepsy in POLG mitochondrial disease: A case series.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bangel+KA%22">Bangel KA</searchLink>; Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Computing, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. Electronic address: katrin.bangel@ncl.ac.uk.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ng+Y%22">Ng Y</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lim+A%22">Lim A</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thomas+NJP%22">Thomas NJP</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jaiser+SR%22">Jaiser SR</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lai+HM%22">Lai HM</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gorman+GS%22">Gorman GS</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thomas+RR%22">Thomas RR</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Turnbull+DM%22">Turnbull DM</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ramesh+V%22">Ramesh V</searchLink>; Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schaefer+AM%22">Schaefer AM</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McFarland+R%22">McFarland R</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Paediatric Neurology, The Great North Children's Hospital, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK; NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baker+MR%22">Baker MR</searchLink>; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, The Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Rd, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK.
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