Risk and liability in the deployment of AI systems for surgery: a SAGES white paper.

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Title: Risk and liability in the deployment of AI systems for surgery: a SAGES white paper.
Authors: Hashimoto DA; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. daniel.hashimoto@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.; Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. daniel.hashimoto@pennmedicine.upenn.edu., Marwaha JS; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA., Lee SA; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA., Schwaitzberg S; Department of Surgery, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA., Duffourc MN; Faculty of Law, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
Source: Surgical endoscopy [Surg Endosc] 2026 Jul; Vol. 40 (7), pp. 5468-5479. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 08.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Consensus Statement; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8806653 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-2218 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09302794 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Surg Endosc Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hashimoto+DA%22">Hashimoto DA</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. daniel.hashimoto@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.; Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. daniel.hashimoto@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marwaha+JS%22">Marwaha JS</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+SA%22">Lee SA</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 4 Silverstein Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schwaitzberg+S%22">Schwaitzberg S</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Duffourc+MN%22">Duffourc MN</searchLink>; Faculty of Law, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228806653%22">Surgical endoscopy</searchLink> [Surg Endosc] 2026 Jul; Vol. 40 (7), pp. 5468-5479. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jun 08.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Springer%22">Springer </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Germany <i>NLM ID: </i>8806653 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1432-2218 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2209302794%22">09302794 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Surg Endosc <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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        Value: 10.1007/s00464-026-12881-8
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        Text: English
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              Text: 2026 Jul
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