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Efficacy of phytosterols for reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and updated dose-response meta-analyses of randomized trials.

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Title: Efficacy of phytosterols for reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and updated dose-response meta-analyses of randomized trials.
Authors: Zurbau A; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada., Haintz L; Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada., Chen V; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada., Glenn AJ; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA., Kavanagh ME; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA., Oguntala JO; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; MD Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Blanco Mejia S; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada., Khan TA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada., Leiter LA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada., Kendall CWC; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada., Chiavaroli L; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada., Sievenpiper JL; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: john.sievenpiper@utoronto.ca.
Source: Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) [Clin Nutr] 2026 Aug; Vol. 63, pp. 106698. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 26.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8309603 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-1983 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02615614 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Efficacy of phytosterols for reduction of cardiometabolic risk factors: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and updated dose-response meta-analyses of randomized trials.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zurbau+A%22">Zurbau A</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Haintz+L%22">Haintz L</searchLink>; Medical University of Graz, Graz, Styria, Austria; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+V%22">Chen V</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Glenn+AJ%22">Glenn AJ</searchLink>; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kavanagh+ME%22">Kavanagh ME</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oguntala+JO%22">Oguntala JO</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; MD Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Blanco+Mejia+S%22">Blanco Mejia S</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khan+TA%22">Khan TA</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Leiter+LA%22">Leiter LA</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kendall+CWC%22">Kendall CWC</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chiavaroli+L%22">Chiavaroli L</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sievenpiper+JL%22">Sievenpiper JL</searchLink>; Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address: john.sievenpiper@utoronto.ca.
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