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Ventilation strategies and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: protocol for a pre-planned sub-analysis of the STEPCARE trial.

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Title: Ventilation strategies and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: protocol for a pre-planned sub-analysis of the STEPCARE trial.
Authors: Battaglini D; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy battaglini.denise@gmail.com.; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy., Gualdi F; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy., Cammarota G; Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione Generale, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy., McGuigan PJ; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.; Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK., Thomas M; Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK., Skrifvars MB; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Niemelä VH; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Reinikainen M; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland., Bass F; Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Malcom Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NWS, Australia., Young PJ; Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Lilja G; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden., Dankiewicz J; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden.; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden., Hammond NE; Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Malcom Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NWS, Australia., Hästbacka J; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland.; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland., Levin H; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden.; Department of Research, Development, Education and Innovation (R&DEI), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden., Moseby-Knappe M; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden., Saxena M; Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Tiainen M; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland., Kamp CB; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark., Sillassen CDB; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark., Düring J; Department of Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden.; Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden., Romundstad LG; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo, Norway.; Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway., Pascal S; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.; Department of Health, Medicine Life Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Science Technology and Medicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg., Leithner C; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Wise MP; Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK., Haenggi M; Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland., Cole J; Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK., Riddell J; Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK., Jakobsen JC; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark., Nielsen N; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Campus Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Skåne County, Sweden., Patroniti NA; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy.; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy., Robba C; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy.; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy.
Source: BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2026 Jun 15; Vol. 16 (6), pp. e118872. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 15.
Publication Type: Clinical Trial Protocol; Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: Ventilation strategies and outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: protocol for a pre-planned sub-analysis of the STEPCARE trial.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Battaglini+D%22">Battaglini D</searchLink>; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy battaglini.denise@gmail.com.; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gualdi+F%22">Gualdi F</searchLink>; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cammarota+G%22">Cammarota G</searchLink>; Servizio di Anestesia e Rianimazione Generale, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Alessandria, Alessandria, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McGuigan+PJ%22">McGuigan PJ</searchLink>; Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.; Regional Intensive Care Unit, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Thomas+M%22">Thomas M</searchLink>; Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston, Bristol, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Skrifvars+MB%22">Skrifvars MB</searchLink>; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Niemelä+VH%22">Niemelä VH</searchLink>; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Reinikainen+M%22">Reinikainen M</searchLink>; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bass+F%22">Bass F</searchLink>; Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Malcom Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NWS, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Young+PJ%22">Young PJ</searchLink>; Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.; Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.; Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lilja+G%22">Lilja G</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dankiewicz+J%22">Dankiewicz J</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Cardiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden.; Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hammond+NE%22">Hammond NE</searchLink>; Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Malcom Fisher Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NWS, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hästbacka+J%22">Hästbacka J</searchLink>; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere, Finland.; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Levin+H%22">Levin H</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden.; Department of Research, Development, Education and Innovation (R&DEI), Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moseby-Knappe+M%22">Moseby-Knappe M</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.; Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Saxena+M%22">Saxena M</searchLink>; Critical Care Program, The George Institute for Global Health, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tiainen+M%22">Tiainen M</searchLink>; Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kamp+CB%22">Kamp CB</searchLink>; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sillassen+CDB%22">Sillassen CDB</searchLink>; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Düring+J%22">Düring J</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Sciences, Helsingborg, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden.; Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Romundstad+LG%22">Romundstad LG</searchLink>; Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo University Hospital Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Oslo, Norway.; Lovisenberg Diaconal University College, Oslo, Norway.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pascal+S%22">Pascal S</searchLink>; Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg.; Department of Health, Medicine Life Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Faculty of Science Technology and Medicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Leithner+C%22">Leithner C</searchLink>; Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wise+MP%22">Wise MP</searchLink>; Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Haenggi+M%22">Haenggi M</searchLink>; Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cole+J%22">Cole J</searchLink>; Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Riddell+J%22">Riddell J</searchLink>; Department of Adult Critical Care, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jakobsen+JC%22">Jakobsen JC</searchLink>; Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.; Department of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nielsen+N%22">Nielsen N</searchLink>; Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Skåne County, Sweden.; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Campus Helsingborg, Helsingborg, Skåne County, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Patroniti+NA%22">Patroniti NA</searchLink>; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy.; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Robba+C%22">Robba C</searchLink>; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Liguria, Italy.; Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy.
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