The impact of ethnicity on longitudinal humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.

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Title: The impact of ethnicity on longitudinal humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.
Authors: Martin CA; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK., Nazareth J; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK., Teece L; Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Pan D; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.; Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Scott S; University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK., Jarkhi A; Division of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Das M; Division of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Bryant L; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK., George N; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Gohar M; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Renals V; Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK., Wenn V; Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK., Vail D; Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK., Karia A; Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK., Moss P; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Willett BJ; University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK., Tattersall A; Revvity (Certimmune), Abingdon, Oxon, UK., Hallis B; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK., Otter AD; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK., Rowe C; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK., Haldar P; Division of Respiratory Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK., Cooper A; Division of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Pareek M; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.
Source: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2026 Jun 27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 27.
Publication Type: Journal Article
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  Data: The impact of ethnicity on longitudinal humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Martin+CA%22">Martin CA</searchLink>; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nazareth+J%22">Nazareth J</searchLink>; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Teece+L%22">Teece L</searchLink>; Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pan+D%22">Pan D</searchLink>; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.; Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Scott+S%22">Scott S</searchLink>; University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jarkhi+A%22">Jarkhi A</searchLink>; Division of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Das+M%22">Das M</searchLink>; Division of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bryant+L%22">Bryant L</searchLink>; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22George+N%22">George N</searchLink>; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gohar+M%22">Gohar M</searchLink>; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Renals+V%22">Renals V</searchLink>; Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wenn+V%22">Wenn V</searchLink>; Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vail+D%22">Vail D</searchLink>; Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karia+A%22">Karia A</searchLink>; Research Space, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Moss+P%22">Moss P</searchLink>; Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Willett+BJ%22">Willett BJ</searchLink>; University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tattersall+A%22">Tattersall A</searchLink>; Revvity (Certimmune), Abingdon, Oxon, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hallis+B%22">Hallis B</searchLink>; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Otter+AD%22">Otter AD</searchLink>; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rowe+C%22">Rowe C</searchLink>; UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Haldar+P%22">Haldar P</searchLink>; Division of Respiratory Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cooper+A%22">Cooper A</searchLink>; Division of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pareek+M%22">Pareek M</searchLink>; Division of Public Health and Epidemiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; Development Centre for Population Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.; NIHR Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands, Leicester, UK. manish.pareek@leicester.ac.uk.
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