Three decades of classifying threatened species: lessons learned from and about the IUCN Red List criteria for quantifying extinction risk.

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Title: Three decades of classifying threatened species: lessons learned from and about the IUCN Red List criteria for quantifying extinction risk.
Authors: Akçakaya HR; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA.; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland., Milner-Gulland EJ; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Hoffmann M; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; The Zoological Society of London, London, UK., Regan HM; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; University of California, Riverside, CA, USA., Naujokaitis-Lewis I; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada., Punt AE; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA., Gaston KJ; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK., Keith DA; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia., Butchart SHM; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Stuart SN; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Synchronicity Earth, London, UK., Collar NJ; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK., Di Marco M; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, viale dell'Università 32, Rome, Italy., Bohm M; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, IN, USA., Berryman AJ; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK., Mallon DP; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Manchester Metropolitan University Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester, UK., Hochkirch A; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Department 6, Biogeography, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany., Dulvy NK; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada., Rivers M; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, Surrey, UK., Brooks TM; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; IUCN, Gland, Switzerland., Westrip JRS; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK., Rodríguez JP; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) and Provita, Caracas, Venezuela., Hilton-Taylor C; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK., Scott J; IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK., Tarr S; IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK., Ledger SH; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK., Linardich C; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
Source: Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2026 Jul 01; Vol. 293 (2074).
Publication Type: Journal Article; Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Royal Society of London Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101245157 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2954 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09628452 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Biol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: Three decades of classifying threatened species: lessons learned from and about the IUCN Red List criteria for quantifying extinction risk.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Akçakaya+HR%22">Akçakaya HR</searchLink>; Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA.; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Milner-Gulland+EJ%22">Milner-Gulland EJ</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hoffmann+M%22">Hoffmann M</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; The Zoological Society of London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Regan+HM%22">Regan HM</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Naujokaitis-Lewis+I%22">Naujokaitis-Lewis I</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Punt+AE%22">Punt AE</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gaston+KJ%22">Gaston KJ</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Keith+DA%22">Keith DA</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Butchart+SHM%22">Butchart SHM</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.; Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stuart+SN%22">Stuart SN</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Synchronicity Earth, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Collar+NJ%22">Collar NJ</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Di+Marco+M%22">Di Marco M</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Biology and Biotechnologies, Sapienza Università di Roma, viale dell'Università 32, Rome, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bohm+M%22">Bohm M</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Global Center for Species Survival, Indianapolis Zoo, IN, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Berryman+AJ%22">Berryman AJ</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mallon+DP%22">Mallon DP</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Manchester Metropolitan University Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hochkirch+A%22">Hochkirch A</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Department 6, Biogeography, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dulvy+NK%22">Dulvy NK</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rivers+M%22">Rivers M</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Richmond, Surrey, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brooks+TM%22">Brooks TM</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Westrip+JRS%22">Westrip JRS</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rodríguez+JP%22">Rodríguez JP</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC) and Provita, Caracas, Venezuela.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hilton-Taylor+C%22">Hilton-Taylor C</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Scott+J%22">Scott J</searchLink>; IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tarr+S%22">Tarr S</searchLink>; IUCN, The David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ledger+SH%22">Ledger SH</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Linardich+C%22">Linardich C</searchLink>; IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.; International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101245157%22">Proceedings. Biological sciences</searchLink> [Proc Biol Sci] 2026 Jul 01; Vol. 293 (2074).
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