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Assessing the concordance between ChatGPT-4 and EAU guidelines indications in bladder cancer management: a real-world study.

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Title: Assessing the concordance between ChatGPT-4 and EAU guidelines indications in bladder cancer management: a real-world study.
Authors: Lo Re M; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy - mattia.lore@unifi.it.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy - mattia.lore@unifi.it., Cadenar A; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Pezzoli M; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Mancon S; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.; Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy., Fuligni E; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Lambertini L; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Carlino A; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Catanzaro R; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., DI Dio M; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy., Minervini A; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy., Cocci A; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Source: Minerva urology and nephrology [Minerva Urol Nephrol] 2026 Jun; Vol. 78 (3), pp. 411-418.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Journal Info: Publisher: Edizioni Minerva Medica Country of Publication: Italy NLM ID: 101777299 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2724-6442 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27246051 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Minerva Urol Nephrol Subsets: MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lo+Re+M%22">Lo Re M</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy - mattia.lore@unifi.it.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy - mattia.lore@unifi.it.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cadenar+A%22">Cadenar A</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pezzoli+M%22">Pezzoli M</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mancon+S%22">Mancon S</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.; Department of Urology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fuligni+E%22">Fuligni E</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lambertini+L%22">Lambertini L</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Carlino+A%22">Carlino A</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Catanzaro+R%22">Catanzaro R</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22DI+Dio+M%22">DI Dio M</searchLink>; Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, SS Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Minervini+A%22">Minervini A</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cocci+A%22">Cocci A</searchLink>; Unit of Oncologic Minimally Invasive Urology and Andrology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy.; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
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              Text: 2026 Jun
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