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International development of a lupus-specific instrument to assess cognitive symptoms in patients with SLE: Lupus Brain Fog Severity Scale (LBFSS) study.

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Title: International development of a lupus-specific instrument to assess cognitive symptoms in patients with SLE: Lupus Brain Fog Severity Scale (LBFSS) study.
Authors: Arnaud L; Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases (RESO), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg, France laurent.arnaud@chru-strasbourg.fr., Piga M; Rheumatology Unity, AOU Cagliari, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy., Pons-Estel GJ; Regional Center for Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina., Fuentes-Silva YJ; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oriente, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela., Devilliers H; Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases Unit, University Hospital Centre Dijon, Dijon, France., Faria R; Unidade de Imunologia Clínica - Unidade Local de Saúde Santo António; UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal., Duarte-Garcia A; Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA., Guimarães de Oliveira D; UDAI - Autoimmune Diseases and Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, ULS Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal.; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal., Scolnik M; Rheumatology Section, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina., van Leuven S; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands., Smith E; School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Appenzeller S; Departmento of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology-Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil., Padjen I; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Referral Centre for SLE and Related Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia., Petri MA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Bortoluzzi A; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S.Anna, Ferrara, Italy., Parodis I; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden., Mackay M; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA., Parlindungan F; Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia., Monticielo OA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil., Fanouriakis A; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Attikon University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece., Kleitz C; Department of Neuropsychology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France., Knight AM; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Philippi N; Department of Neuropsychology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France., Hoi A; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., Karakikla-Mitsakou Z; Lupus Europe, Brussels, Belgium., Silva Ribeiro S; Center for Research and Social Intervention (CIS-Iscte), ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal., Sluijmers A; Lupus Europe, Brussels, Belgium., Sturiene A; Lupus Europe, Brussels, Belgium., Touma Z; Lupus Program at University Health Network, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Source: Lupus science & medicine [Lupus Sci Med] 2026 Jul 13; Vol. 13 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 13.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Validation Study; Multicenter Study
Journal Info: Publisher: BMJ Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101633705 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2053-8790 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20538790 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lupus Sci Med Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
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  Data: International development of a lupus-specific instrument to assess cognitive symptoms in patients with SLE: Lupus Brain Fog Severity Scale (LBFSS) study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Arnaud+L%22">Arnaud L</searchLink>; Department of Rheumatology, National Reference Center for Autoimmune Diseases (RESO), Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR-S 1109, Strasbourg, France laurent.arnaud@chru-strasbourg.fr.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Piga+M%22">Piga M</searchLink>; Rheumatology Unity, AOU Cagliari, Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pons-Estel+GJ%22">Pons-Estel GJ</searchLink>; Regional Center for Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fuentes-Silva+YJ%22">Fuentes-Silva YJ</searchLink>; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oriente, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Devilliers+H%22">Devilliers H</searchLink>; Internal Medicine and Systemic Diseases Unit, University Hospital Centre Dijon, Dijon, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Faria+R%22">Faria R</searchLink>; Unidade de Imunologia Clínica - Unidade Local de Saúde Santo António; UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Duarte-Garcia+A%22">Duarte-Garcia A</searchLink>; Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic Minnesota, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guimarães+de+Oliveira+D%22">Guimarães de Oliveira D</searchLink>; UDAI - Autoimmune Diseases and Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, ULS Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal.; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Scolnik+M%22">Scolnik M</searchLink>; Rheumatology Section, Hospital italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22van+Leuven+S%22">van Leuven S</searchLink>; Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Smith+E%22">Smith E</searchLink>; School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Appenzeller+S%22">Appenzeller S</searchLink>; Departmento of Orthopedics, Rheumatology and Traumatology-Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Padjen+I%22">Padjen I</searchLink>; School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Referral Centre for SLE and Related Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Petri+MA%22">Petri MA</searchLink>; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bortoluzzi+A%22">Bortoluzzi A</searchLink>; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S.Anna, Ferrara, Italy.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Parodis+I%22">Parodis I</searchLink>; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Stockholm, Sweden.; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mackay+M%22">Mackay M</searchLink>; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Parlindungan+F%22">Parlindungan F</searchLink>; Rheumatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Rumah Sakit Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Monticielo+OA%22">Monticielo OA</searchLink>; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fanouriakis+A%22">Fanouriakis A</searchLink>; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Attikon University Hospital, National Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kleitz+C%22">Kleitz C</searchLink>; Department of Neuropsychology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Knight+AM%22">Knight AM</searchLink>; Division of Rheumatology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Philippi+N%22">Philippi N</searchLink>; Department of Neuropsychology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hoi+A%22">Hoi A</searchLink>; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karakikla-Mitsakou+Z%22">Karakikla-Mitsakou Z</searchLink>; Lupus Europe, Brussels, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Silva+Ribeiro+S%22">Silva Ribeiro S</searchLink>; Center for Research and Social Intervention (CIS-Iscte), ISCTE-University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sluijmers+A%22">Sluijmers A</searchLink>; Lupus Europe, Brussels, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sturiene+A%22">Sturiene A</searchLink>; Lupus Europe, Brussels, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Touma+Z%22">Touma Z</searchLink>; Lupus Program at University Health Network, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101633705%22">Lupus science & medicine</searchLink> [Lupus Sci Med] 2026 Jul 13; Vol. 13 (2). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jul 13.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22BMJ%22">BMJ </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>101633705 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Print <i>ISSN: </i>2053-8790 (Print) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2220538790%22">20538790 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Lupus Sci Med <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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