A systematic meta-analytic comparative evaluation of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative design studies in the Northern Hemisphere pre/post COVID-19 pandemic.

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Title: A systematic meta-analytic comparative evaluation of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness from test-negative design studies in the Northern Hemisphere pre/post COVID-19 pandemic.
Authors: Okoli GN; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China; Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA., Sullivan SG; School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, USA., Harper DM; Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, MI, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, MI, USA., Tsang TK; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China., Cowling BJ; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. Electronic address: bcowling@hku.hk.
Source: Vaccine [Vaccine] 2026 Aug 13; Vol. 88, pp. 128956. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 22.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Comparative Study; Systematic Review
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8406899 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2518 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0264410X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vaccine Subsets: MEDLINE
Database: MEDLINE Ultimate
Description
ISSN:1873-2518
DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128956