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Visual motherese? Signal-to-noise ratios in toddler-directed television.

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Title: Visual motherese? Signal-to-noise ratios in toddler-directed television.
Authors: Wass, Sam V., Smith, Tim J.
Source: Developmental Science. Jan2015, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p24-37. 14p.
Subjects: Toddlers development, Child development, Influence of television, Signal-to-noise ratio, Information measurement, Information storage & retrieval systems, Human information processing in children
Abstract: Younger brains are noisier information processing systems; this means that information for younger individuals has to allow clearer differentiation between those aspects that are required for the processing task in hand (the 'signal') and those that are not (the 'noise'). We compared toddler-directed and adult-directed TV programmes (Tot TV/ ATV). We examined how low-level visual features (that previous research has suggested influence gaze allocation) relate to semantic information, namely the location of the character speaking in each frame. We show that this relationship differs between Tot TV and ATV. First, we conducted Receiver Operator Characteristics analyses and found that feature congestion predicted speaking character location in Tot TV but not ATV. Second, we used multiple analytical strategies to show that luminance differentials (flicker) predict face location more strongly in Tot TV than ATV. Our results suggest that Tot TV designers have intuited techniques for controlling toddler attention using low-level visual cues. The implications of these findings for structuring childhood learning experiences away from a screen are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Developmental Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Visual motherese? Signal-to-noise ratios in toddler-directed television.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Toddlers+development%22">Toddlers development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+development%22">Child development</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Influence+of+television%22">Influence of television</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Signal-to-noise+ratio%22">Signal-to-noise ratio</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+measurement%22">Information measurement</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Information+storage+%26+retrieval+systems%22">Information storage & retrieval systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Human+information+processing+in+children%22">Human information processing in children</searchLink>
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  Data: Younger brains are noisier information processing systems; this means that information for younger individuals has to allow clearer differentiation between those aspects that are required for the processing task in hand (the 'signal') and those that are not (the 'noise'). We compared toddler-directed and adult-directed TV programmes (Tot TV/ ATV). We examined how low-level visual features (that previous research has suggested influence gaze allocation) relate to semantic information, namely the location of the character speaking in each frame. We show that this relationship differs between Tot TV and ATV. First, we conducted Receiver Operator Characteristics analyses and found that feature congestion predicted speaking character location in Tot TV but not ATV. Second, we used multiple analytical strategies to show that luminance differentials (flicker) predict face location more strongly in Tot TV than ATV. Our results suggest that Tot TV designers have intuited techniques for controlling toddler attention using low-level visual cues. The implications of these findings for structuring childhood learning experiences away from a screen are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Developmental Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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