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Metacognitive Processes in Executive Control Development: The Case of Reactive and Proactive Control.

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Title: Metacognitive Processes in Executive Control Development: The Case of Reactive and Proactive Control.
Authors: Chevalier, Nicolas, Martis, Shaina Bailey, Curran, Tim, Yuko Munakata
Source: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 2015, Vol. 27 Issue 6, p1125-1136. 12p.
Subjects: Executive function, Cognitive ability, Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Decision making, Pupillary reflex
Abstract: Young children engage cognitive control reactively in response to events, rather than proactively preparing for events. Such limitations in executive control have been explained in terms of fundamental constraints on children's cognitive capacities. Alternatively, young children might be capable of proactive control but differ from older children in their metacognitive decisions regarding when to engage proactive control. We examined these possibilities in three conditions of a task-switching paradigm, varying in whether task cues were available before or after target onset. RTs, ERPs, and pupil dilation showed that 5-year-olds did engage in advance preparation, a critical aspect of proactive control, but only when reactive control was made more difficult, whereas 10-year-olds engaged in proactive control whenever possible. These findings highlight metacognitive processes in children's cognitive control, an understudied aspect of executive control development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Metacognitive Processes in Executive Control Development: The Case of Reactive and Proactive Control.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chevalier%2C+Nicolas%22">Chevalier, Nicolas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martis%2C+Shaina+Bailey%22">Martis, Shaina Bailey</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Curran%2C+Tim%22">Curran, Tim</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yuko+Munakata%22">Yuko Munakata</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Cognitive+Neuroscience%22">Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience</searchLink>. 2015, Vol. 27 Issue 6, p1125-1136. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Executive+function%22">Executive function</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cognitive+ability%22">Cognitive ability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evoked+potentials+%28Electrophysiology%29%22">Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Decision+making%22">Decision making</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pupillary+reflex%22">Pupillary reflex</searchLink>
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  Data: Young children engage cognitive control reactively in response to events, rather than proactively preparing for events. Such limitations in executive control have been explained in terms of fundamental constraints on children's cognitive capacities. Alternatively, young children might be capable of proactive control but differ from older children in their metacognitive decisions regarding when to engage proactive control. We examined these possibilities in three conditions of a task-switching paradigm, varying in whether task cues were available before or after target onset. RTs, ERPs, and pupil dilation showed that 5-year-olds did engage in advance preparation, a critical aspect of proactive control, but only when reactive control was made more difficult, whereas 10-year-olds engaged in proactive control whenever possible. These findings highlight metacognitive processes in children's cognitive control, an understudied aspect of executive control development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1162/jocn_a_00782
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Executive function
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cognitive ability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology)
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      – SubjectFull: Decision making
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      – SubjectFull: Pupillary reflex
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              Text: 2015
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