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Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder are associated with abnormalities in processing visual information.

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Title: Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder are associated with abnormalities in processing visual information.
Authors: Li, W., Lai, T. M., Bohon, C., Loo, S. K., McCurdy, D., Strober, M., Bookheimer, S., Feusner, J.
Source: Psychological Medicine. Jul2015, Vol. 45 Issue 10, p2111-2122. 12p.
Subjects: Anorexia nervosa, Body dysmorphic disorder, Electroencephalography, Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology), Factor analysis, Magnetic resonance imaging, Regression analysis, Research funding, Statistics, T-test (Statistics), Visual perception, Phenotypes, Comorbidity, Sample size (Statistics), Data analysis, Task performance, Descriptive statistics
Abstract: BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are characterized by distorted body image and are frequently co-morbid with each other, although their relationship remains little studied. While there is evidence of abnormalities in visual and visuospatial processing in both disorders, no study has directly compared the two. We used two complementary modalities – event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – to test for abnormal activity associated with early visual signaling.MethodWe acquired fMRI and ERP data in separate sessions from 15 unmedicated individuals in each of three groups (weight-restored AN, BDD, and healthy controls) while they viewed images of faces and houses of different spatial frequencies. We used joint independent component analyses to compare activity in visual systems.ResultsAN and BDD groups demonstrated similar hypoactivity in early secondary visual processing regions and the dorsal visual stream when viewing low spatial frequency faces, linked to the N170 component, as well as in early secondary visual processing regions when viewing low spatial frequency houses, linked to the P100 component. Additionally, the BDD group exhibited hyperactivity in fusiform cortex when viewing high spatial frequency houses, linked to the N170 component. Greater activity in this component was associated with lower attractiveness ratings of faces.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary evidence of similar abnormal spatiotemporal activation in AN and BDD for configural/holistic information for appearance- and non-appearance-related stimuli. This suggests a common phenotype of abnormal early visual system functioning, which may contribute to perceptual distortions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder are associated with abnormalities in processing visual information.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+W%2E%22">Li, W.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lai%2C+T%2E+M%2E%22">Lai, T. M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bohon%2C+C%2E%22">Bohon, C.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Loo%2C+S%2E+K%2E%22">Loo, S. K.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McCurdy%2C+D%2E%22">McCurdy, D.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strober%2C+M%2E%22">Strober, M.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bookheimer%2C+S%2E%22">Bookheimer, S.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Feusner%2C+J%2E%22">Feusner, J.</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Psychological+Medicine%22">Psychological Medicine</searchLink>. Jul2015, Vol. 45 Issue 10, p2111-2122. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anorexia+nervosa%22">Anorexia nervosa</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+dysmorphic+disorder%22">Body dysmorphic disorder</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electroencephalography%22">Electroencephalography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Evoked+potentials+%28Electrophysiology%29%22">Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Factor+analysis%22">Factor analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+resonance+imaging%22">Magnetic resonance imaging</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22T-test+%28Statistics%29%22">T-test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visual+perception%22">Visual perception</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phenotypes%22">Phenotypes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comorbidity%22">Comorbidity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sample+size+%28Statistics%29%22">Sample size (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis%22">Data analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Task+performance%22">Task performance</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are characterized by distorted body image and are frequently co-morbid with each other, although their relationship remains little studied. While there is evidence of abnormalities in visual and visuospatial processing in both disorders, no study has directly compared the two. We used two complementary modalities – event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – to test for abnormal activity associated with early visual signaling.MethodWe acquired fMRI and ERP data in separate sessions from 15 unmedicated individuals in each of three groups (weight-restored AN, BDD, and healthy controls) while they viewed images of faces and houses of different spatial frequencies. We used joint independent component analyses to compare activity in visual systems.ResultsAN and BDD groups demonstrated similar hypoactivity in early secondary visual processing regions and the dorsal visual stream when viewing low spatial frequency faces, linked to the N170 component, as well as in early secondary visual processing regions when viewing low spatial frequency houses, linked to the P100 component. Additionally, the BDD group exhibited hyperactivity in fusiform cortex when viewing high spatial frequency houses, linked to the N170 component. Greater activity in this component was associated with lower attractiveness ratings of faces.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary evidence of similar abnormal spatiotemporal activation in AN and BDD for configural/holistic information for appearance- and non-appearance-related stimuli. This suggests a common phenotype of abnormal early visual system functioning, which may contribute to perceptual distortions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Psychological Medicine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1017/S0033291715000045
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        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Body dysmorphic disorder
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