Most smokeless tobacco use is not a causal gateway to cigarettes: using order of product use to evaluate causation in a national US sample.
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| Title: | Most smokeless tobacco use is not a causal gateway to cigarettes: using order of product use to evaluate causation in a national US sample. |
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| Authors: | Kozlowski, Lynn T. (AUTHOR), O'Connor, Richard J. (AUTHOR), Quinio Edwards, Beth (AUTHOR), Flaherty, Brian P. (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Addiction. Aug2003, Vol. 98 Issue 8, p1077-1085. 9p. 3 Charts. |
| Subjects: | Smokeless tobacco, Tobacco use |
| Geographic Terms: | United States |
| Abstract: | Aims To evaluate non-causal and causal patterns of smokeless tobacco (SLT) and cigarette use; to assess the prevalence of 'non-gateway' and possible 'gateway' patterns of SLT use. Design and setting Data from the Cancer Control Supplement to the 1987 National Health Interview Survey, a representative survey of non-institutionalized adults in the United States. From reported age at first use, participants were categorized by type and sequence of tobacco product use. SUDAAN 8.0.1 was used for statistical analyses. Participants Males aged 18-34 (n = 3454), weighted to provide estimates of the US population. A subsample of males aged 23-34 (n = 2614) was analyzed to minimize the possibility of future product switching. Measurements Smoking status, smokeless tobacco (snuff, chewing tobacco, both) use status, age at regular use of cigarettes, age at first use of smokeless tobacco. Findings of those 23-34-year-old who had ever used SLT with or without cigarettes, 77.2% (95% CI: 71.3, 83.3) were classifiable as non-gateway users in that 35.0% (95% CI: 29.9, 40.1) had only used SLT and 42.2% (95% CI: 36.8, 47.7) had used cigarettes first. Cigarette use in younger cohorts was less common, despite increased SLT use. Those who used cigarettes before moist snuff were 2.1 times more likely to have quit smoking (95% CI 1.21,6.39) than cigarette-only users. Conclusions The large majority of SLT users are non-gateway users. Causal gateway effects should be of minor concern for policy. SLT may be more likely to prevent smoking than cause it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection |
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| Header | DbId: pbh DbLabel: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection An: 10316013 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Most smokeless tobacco use is not a causal gateway to cigarettes: using order of product use to evaluate causation in a national US sample. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kozlowski%2C+Lynn+T%2E%22">Kozlowski, Lynn T.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22O'Connor%2C+Richard+J%2E%22">O'Connor, Richard J.</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Quinio+Edwards%2C+Beth%22">Quinio Edwards, Beth</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Flaherty%2C+Brian+P%2E%22">Flaherty, Brian P.</searchLink> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Addiction%22">Addiction</searchLink>. Aug2003, Vol. 98 Issue 8, p1077-1085. 9p. 3 Charts. – Name: Subject Label: Subjects Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Smokeless+tobacco%22">Smokeless tobacco</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tobacco+use%22">Tobacco use</searchLink> – Name: SubjectGeographic Label: Geographic Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22United+States%22">United States</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Aims To evaluate non-causal and causal patterns of smokeless tobacco (SLT) and cigarette use; to assess the prevalence of 'non-gateway' and possible 'gateway' patterns of SLT use. Design and setting Data from the Cancer Control Supplement to the 1987 National Health Interview Survey, a representative survey of non-institutionalized adults in the United States. From reported age at first use, participants were categorized by type and sequence of tobacco product use. SUDAAN 8.0.1 was used for statistical analyses. Participants Males aged 18-34 (n = 3454), weighted to provide estimates of the US population. A subsample of males aged 23-34 (n = 2614) was analyzed to minimize the possibility of future product switching. Measurements Smoking status, smokeless tobacco (snuff, chewing tobacco, both) use status, age at regular use of cigarettes, age at first use of smokeless tobacco. Findings of those 23-34-year-old who had ever used SLT with or without cigarettes, 77.2% (95% CI: 71.3, 83.3) were classifiable as non-gateway users in that 35.0% (95% CI: 29.9, 40.1) had only used SLT and 42.2% (95% CI: 36.8, 47.7) had used cigarettes first. Cigarette use in younger cohorts was less common, despite increased SLT use. Those who used cigarettes before moist snuff were 2.1 times more likely to have quit smoking (95% CI 1.21,6.39) than cigarette-only users. Conclusions The large majority of SLT users are non-gateway users. Causal gateway effects should be of minor concern for policy. SLT may be more likely to prevent smoking than cause it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Addiction is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=pbh&AN=10316013 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00460.x Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 9 StartPage: 1077 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Smokeless tobacco Type: general – SubjectFull: Tobacco use Type: general – SubjectFull: United States Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Most smokeless tobacco use is not a causal gateway to cigarettes: using order of product use to evaluate causation in a national US sample. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Kozlowski, Lynn T. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: O'Connor, Richard J. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Quinio Edwards, Beth – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Flaherty, Brian P. IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 08 Text: Aug2003 Type: published Y: 2003 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 09652140 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 98 – Type: issue Value: 8 Titles: – TitleFull: Addiction Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
