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Measuring fast neutrons in Hiroshima at distances relevant to atomic-bomb survivors.

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Title: Measuring fast neutrons in Hiroshima at distances relevant to atomic-bomb survivors.
Authors: Straume, T., Rugel, G., Marchetti, A. A., Rühm, W., Korschinek, G., McAninch, J. E., Carroll, K., Egbert, S., Faestermann, T., Knie, K., Martinelli, R., Wallner, A., Wallner, C.
Source: Nature. 7/31/2003, Vol. 424 Issue 6948, p539-542. 4p.
Subjects: Neutrons, Atomic bomb, Health risk assessment
Geographic Terms: Japan
Abstract: Data from the survivors of the atomic bombs serve as the major basis for risk calculations of radiation-induced cancer in humans[SUP1]. A controversy has existed for almost two decades, however, concerning the possibility that neutron doses in Hiroshima may have been much larger than estimated. This controversy was based on measurements of radioisotopes activated by thermal neutrons that suggested much higher fluences at larger distances than expected[SUP2-6]. For fast neutrons, which contributed almost all the neutron dose, clear measurements validation has so far proved impossible at the large distances (900 to 1,500 m) most relevant to survivor locations.[SUP6]. Here, the first results are reported for the detection of (63)Ni produced predominantly by fast neutrons (above about 1 MeV) in copper samples from Hiroshima. This breakthrough was made possible by the development of chemical extraction methods[SUP7,8] and major improvements in the sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry for detection of [SUP63]Ni atoms (refs 8-11). When results are compared with [SUP63]Ni activation predicted by neutron doses for Hiroshima survivors[SUP6], good agreement is observed at the distances most relevant to survivor data. These findings provide, for the first time, clear measurement validation of the neutron doses to survivors in Hiroshima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection
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  Data: Measuring fast neutrons in Hiroshima at distances relevant to atomic-bomb survivors.
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  Data: Data from the survivors of the atomic bombs serve as the major basis for risk calculations of radiation-induced cancer in humans[SUP1]. A controversy has existed for almost two decades, however, concerning the possibility that neutron doses in Hiroshima may have been much larger than estimated. This controversy was based on measurements of radioisotopes activated by thermal neutrons that suggested much higher fluences at larger distances than expected[SUP2-6]. For fast neutrons, which contributed almost all the neutron dose, clear measurements validation has so far proved impossible at the large distances (900 to 1,500 m) most relevant to survivor locations.[SUP6]. Here, the first results are reported for the detection of (63)Ni produced predominantly by fast neutrons (above about 1 MeV) in copper samples from Hiroshima. This breakthrough was made possible by the development of chemical extraction methods[SUP7,8] and major improvements in the sensitivity of accelerator mass spectrometry for detection of [SUP63]Ni atoms (refs 8-11). When results are compared with [SUP63]Ni activation predicted by neutron doses for Hiroshima survivors[SUP6], good agreement is observed at the distances most relevant to survivor data. These findings provide, for the first time, clear measurement validation of the neutron doses to survivors in Hiroshima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Nature is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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